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PL
W artykule, który ma charakter przeglądu encyklopedycznego, autor omawia problemy ogólne etnolingwistyki słowiańskiej dotyczące jej przedmiotu, metod i zakresu badań. Omawia prace N.I. Tołstoja, V.V. Iwanowa i V. Toporowa oraz etnolingwistyczne badania starożytności słowiańskich. Syntetyzuje badania nad językiem folkloru i problemami etnopoetyki, które doprowadziły do okrycia dwóch wariantów stylowych w tradycyjnej, archaicznej kulturze ludowej (mowa potoczna i poetycka) i istnienia w języku folkloru cech dystynktywnych (melicznych, metrycznych i poetyckich). Akcentuje znaczenie prac z zakresu etnosemantyki (zwłaszcza związane z badaniem stereotypów jako elementów kodu kulturowego), profilowania pojęć w dyskursie i problematyki językowego obrazu świata, w tym zwłaszcza tych, które skupiają się na nazwach wartości. Podkreśla potrzebę badań interkulturowych kluczowych pojęć oraz omawia słowiańskie słowniki etnolingwistyczne.
EN
The article is an encyclopedic survey of the general problems of Slavonic ethnolinguistics and ethnolinguistic research on Slavonic history. A synthesis is proposed of research on the language of folklore and the problems of ethnopoetics. The study underscores the importance of ethnosemantics, especially of research on stereotypes as elements of the cultural code and linguistic worldview. Finally, emphasis is placed on the importance of comparative intercultural research, especially on valuation terms.
EN
This study sketches a semantic analysis of three Czech words - domov (home), svedomi (conscience), and klid (rest, quiet, calm) - in comparison with their English translation equivalents. It is argued that they are key words in Havel's thought in that they represent recurring concepts in his writing that cut across both time periods (the pre- and post-1989 Havel) as well as genres. The import of these concepts also cuts across socio-historical -isms: these words not only tell us something about human identity within a totalitarian context, but ought to tell us, who live outside of that context, something about ourselves. While each of these words refers to a more or less distinct realm of human experience, their collective resonance in Czech evokes a similar feel: all have an air of the philosophical or transcendent about them. It is this element of their conventional meanings in Czech that provides fertile ground - a ground that does not exist in quite the same way in English - for Havel's cultivation of them into key components in his understanding of human identity in the modern world.
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