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Od soft power do smart power. Francusko-niemieckie wizje unijnej integracji militarnej i ich krytyka

100%

Zawadzka S.

Przegląd Zachodni

2019

issue 1(370)

7-25

The research problem presented in the article is an analysis of the proposals of France and Germany from 2015 to 2018 in the context of deepening military integration in Europe. The European Union, as an organization based on dialogue and international cooperation, has so far been defined in the political space through the prism of „soft” capabilities to influence the international environment. New threats and security challenges strengthened the conviction of the states’ and EU authorities about the need to deepen cooperation in the field of defense and to develop a new approach in the context of defining the tools of EU foreign policy. The aim of article is to explain to what extent French and German proposals contribute to the European Union becoming a smart power actor and in what direction the CSDP is developing. The hypothesis is based on the assumption that both France and Germany, forming the European „tandem”, as well as the European Commission, are taking measures to do away with the image of the Union as a soft power actor through a gradual communitarisation of the defense policy and the creation of a European Defense Union, equipped with autonomous armed forces. The consequence of these initiatives is to provide the EU with „hard” (military) capabilities to exert political influence, which are important in the implementation of the smart power concept. The main research method used in the article is the analysis of official documents of EU institutions and governmental institutions of France and Germany in the field of security and defense, as well as intergovernmental letters of intent, containing the assumptions of new cooperation initiatives. The comparative method was applied at the level of analyzing the approach of the German and French authorities to the issue of deepening military integration.

Przyszłość polityki bezpieczeństwa i obrony Unii Europejskiej

58%

Miszczak K.

Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe

2017

issue 1

53-68

Zasadniczym celem artykułu jest próba zaprezentowania dotychczasowych procesów i etapów tworzenia WPBiO UE i nakreślenie możliwych szans jej przyszłego rozwoju. Ponadto gruntownie przeanalizowane zostały możliwości realizacji postanowień opublikowanej w lipcu 2016 r. najnowszej „Globalnej Strategii Polityki Zagranicznej i Bezpieczeństwa UE” oraz jej implikacje w kontekście m.in. procesu wyjścia z UE Wielkiej Brytanii (Brexit), oddziaływania zagrożeń płynących z szeroko pojętego obszaru sąsiedztwa UE oraz uwzględniającym rozszerzone pojęcie bezpieczeństwa międzynarodowego. Dodatkowo autor omawia m.in. kwestię ewentualnego powstania wspólnej siły militarnej Unii Europejskiej, jako zintegrowanych jednostek zbrojnych państw członkowskich UE w ramach sektorowo konsolidującej się „armii europejskiej”.

This article looks closely at CDSP: what it is, what it came from and how it will and should work for the European Union. It will examine the 2016 EU Global Strategy that lays out the strategy for the CSDP, while the Lisbon Treaty clarifi es the institutional aspects and strengthens the role of the European Parliament. The CSDP has recently undergone major strategic and operational changes while taking into account Brexit’s security implications. It is continuing to evolve to meet security challenges and demand for increased EU responses in the constantly changing security environment where irregular and hybrid threats grow. To improve rapid response capabilities an integrated defence structure could and should result in building of a common European army in the near future.

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1 Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe

1 Przegląd Zachodni

1 2019

1 2017

1 Miszczak K.

1 Zawadzka S.

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Od soft power do smart power. Francusko-niemieckie wizje unijnej integracji militarnej i ich krytyka

Przyszłość polityki bezpieczeństwa i obrony Unii Europejskiej