Search results

1

Changes in the Energy Consumption in EU-27 Countries

100%

Hajko V.

Review of Economic Perspectives

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2012

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vol. 12

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issue 1

3-21

EN

The complete decomposition method is applied to changes in energy consumption in the countries of EU-27. This method decomposes the changes in energy use into three different effects: a change in energy consumption due to an increase of economic activity (the activity effect), a change in energy consumption due to a relative increase of significance of a country in the group (the structure effect) and a change in energy consumption due to a change of energy efficiency measured as energy intensity (the intensity effect). The results confirm that there is a difference in development of these effects between the old (EU-15) and the new member countries. The results show that the activity effect is the most significant effect in old member countries (EU-15), and is on average 1.13 times higher than in new member countries. The intensity effect is the main diversifying factor between the two groups and the most significant effect for the new member countries. The intensity effect is almost universally negative in all countries, and compensates for the other effects. Because of the importance of the effect, energy intensity convergence is examined. It is found that even by the "rough" distinction between the new and the old member countries, the convergence in energy intensity in new member countries can be found (in the old member countries there is no energy intensity convergence).

2

The level of implementing sustainable development goal "Industry, innovation and infrastructure" of Agenda 2030 in the European Union countries: Application of MCDM methods

100%

Brodny J., Tutak M.

Oeconomia Copernicana

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2023

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vol. 14

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issue 1

47-102

EN

Research background: Sustainable development of the modern world represents an opportunity to preserve economic growth and technological progress, as well as social development, without limiting the possibilities of this development for past generations. The directions of this development are included in the 17 goals and 169 tasks of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The achievement of these goals and the implementation of the adopted tasks is a huge challenge for individual countries and regions. This also applies to the European Union (EU), where economic development is closely linked to environmental protection and social inclusion. Of key importance in this context is Objective 9 of Agenda 2030, and thus its level of implementation in the EU-27 countries is the aim of the research presented in this paper. Purpose of the article: The research involved assessing the level of EU countries in terms of building stable infrastructure, promoting sustainable industrialization and fostering innovation, i.e., the main areas of Goal 9 of Agenda 2030. Methods: The assessment was based on the EU-27 countries' sustainable development index (SDG9) determined with the use of 14 indicators characterizing these areas between 2015-2020. The basis of the developed methodology was a multi criteria decision making approach (MCDM methods). TOPSIS, WASPAS and EDAS methods were used to determine the sustainability index, and the Entropy, CRITIC and standard deviation (SD) methods were used to determine weights for the adopted indicators. In addition, the use of the Spearman's and Kendall's Tau non-parametric tests enabled the analysis of the relationship between the SDG9 index and the basic economic, environmental and energy parameters, as well as the digitalization of the countries under study. Findings & value added: The results show that the EU-27 countries vary widely in terms of implementing Sustainable Development Goal 9 of Agenda 2030 over the analyzed period. Now, the most advanced in this respect are Denmark, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Finland, and Sweden. By contrast, substantial problems are found in Bulgaria, Greece, Portugal, and Lithuania. The results also provide an opportunity to trace changes in the value of the designated index in individual countries, and in groups of countries of the "old" and "new" EU. These results significantly enrich the knowledge of the effectiveness of implementing Goal 9 of Agenda 2030 in the EU-27 countries and the relationship between the development of individual countries and sustainable development economy. These findings can also be used to create new EU-27 strategies for sustainable and solidarity-based development of the whole EU. In addition, the results can be helpful to decision-makers as they highlight important indicators related to innovation, industrialization and infrastructure that should be considered when formulating a country's sustainable development strategy. The added value of the study is the research procedure presented, which can be used in analyses on the study of various issues related to sustainable development for other groups of regions.

3

Public debt marriage with R&D management in the V4 and EU-27 countries in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic

88%

Brożek K., Poteralska B., Łabędzka J.

Central European Review of Economics & Finance

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2022

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vol. 37

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issue 2

5-22

EN

The aim of the article was to identify the relationship between the value of public debt and selected effects of research and development in the V4 and EU-27 countries, while taking into account the possible impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the breadth of issues related to the R&D sphere, 2 predictors were identified. The first is R&D expenditure, and the second is the number of employees with higher education employed in R&D. Statistical data analysis was used as a method of collecting and developing the empirical data. The practical implication of the study is to show that both before and in the first year of the pandemic, the relationship between public debt and research, and development activity in the V4 and EU-27 countries was strong, which justifies the in-depth monitoring and study of this relationship in subsequent years of the pandemic.

4

Regionalne porozumienia handlowe w Europie a liberalizacja handlu międzynarodowego

75%

Pera B.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

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2011

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issue 869

61-76

EN

The process of economic integration in the world economy began more than 50 years ago, but truly gathered speed in the 1990s and continues to expand today. The aim of this paper is to present regional trade agreements in Europe and assess their influence on international trade liberalisation. The notion of the regional trade agreements and their legal basis according to WTO rules are explained. The essence of international trade liberalisation in contemporary economic relations is also included. The most important regional trade agreements are described, and in the final section their influence on international trade liberalisation is assessed.

5

Stabilność makroekonomiczna Unii Europejskiej oraz państw członkowskich w latach 2010-2019

63%

Kulbacki M.

Kwartalnik Nauk o Przedsiębiorstwie

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2021

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vol. 61

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issue 4

70-83

EN

The aim of the article is to analyze the macroeconomic stability of the EU-27 economies using the PSM method. According to the research carried out, in the decade before the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, the macroeconomic stability of the European Union countries increased significantly in the medium term, with the exception of Sweden. Moreover, analyzes for individual economies show that most of them managed to improve, both in the area of internal and external stability. The question remains whether the improvement in stability could have been more significant if macroeconomic policy had been focused more on reducing unemployment and accelerating economic growth, and less on improving the budget deficit balance. The conducted research indicates that the improvement of the macroeconomic situation will be a long-term process within which the economic policy should aim to strive for an even improvement of all its factors.

PL

Celem artykułu jest analiza stabilności makroekonomicznej gospodarek UE-27 przy wykorzystaniu metody PSM. Jak wynika z przeprowadzanych badań, w dekadzie przed wybuchem pandemii COVID-19, stabilność makroekonomiczna krajów Unii Europejskiej w średnim okresie wyraźnie wzrosła, z wyjątkiem Szwecji. Analizy dla poszczególnych gospodarek pokazują, że większości z nich udało się dokonać poprawy, zarówno w obszarze stabilności wewnętrznej jak i zewnętrznej. Otwarte pozostaje pytanie, czy poprawa stabilności mogłaby być bardziej znacząca, gdyby polityka makroekonomiczna w większym stopniu była skoncentrowana na zmniejszeniu bezrobocia oraz przyspieszeniu wzrostu gospodarczego, a w mniejszym stopniu na poprawie salda deficytu budżetowego. Przeprowadzone badania wskazują, że poprawa sytuacji makroekonomicznej będzie długotrwałym procesem, w ramach którego polityka gospodarcza powinna stawiać sobie za cel dążenie do równomiernej poprawy wszystkich tworzących ją czynników.

6

Tradycyjna struktura gospodarcza Polski – pułapką dla konwergencji w okresie kryzysu finansowo-gospodarczego

51%

Skawińska E.

Zeszyty Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Ekonomicznego w Zielonej Górze

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2015

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issue 2. Współczesny kryzys finansowo-gospodarczy. Istota, przebieg i konsekwencje

18-35

PL

Celem pracy było zbadanie realizacji konwergencji realnej krajów EŚW, z wyżej rozwiniętymi UE-27 w oparciu o źródła wtórne, z ekspozycją Polski. Poszukiwano odpowiedzi na pytanie, jak globalny kryzys finansowo gospodarczy 2008–2012 wpłynął na ten proces. Artykuł składa się z dwóch części. Pierwsza z nich zawiera wyjaśnienie koncepcji konwergencji regionów, jako problemu kontrowersyjnego i stopnia realizacji bezwzględnej konwergencji realnej beta w krajach EŚW. Druga część obejmuje ogólną analizę struktury gospodarczej krajów EŚW, stanowiącą podstawę względnej konwergencji realnej. Wyciągnięto następujące wnioski: 1. W okresie 2004-2013 konwergencja realna w niewielkim zakresie była stymulowana przez fundusze UE. Niestety postęp był spowolniony przez kryzys ekonomiczny. 2. Brak komplementarności struktur gospodarczych uniemożliwił realną warunkową konwergencję krajów EŚW, w porównaniu z rozwiniętymi krajami UE-27. Dodatkowo, ten mankament stwarza nie tylko zagrożenie dla przyspieszenia realnej bezwarunkowej konwergencji, lecz nawet dla możliwości wystąpienia dywergencji. 3. W części końcowej przedstawione są propozycje dla Polski.

EN

The aim of this paper is to investigate the implementation of the real convergence of the CEE countries in comparison to the developed EU countries (EU-27) (and in particular Poland) on the basis of secondary data. The main question concerned the impact of the global financial and economic crisis 2008-2012 on the process. The paper consists of two parts. The first explains the concept of the regional convergence as a controversial problem and the extent of the realization of the beta real unconditional convergence in CEE countries. The second part analyses the economic structure of CEE countries which constitutes the basis of the conditional real convergence. The following conclusions were drawn: 1. In the period 2004-2013 small real convergence has been stimulated by EU funds. Unfortunately, the progress has been slowed-down by economic crisis. 2. The lack of complementarity of economic structures disabled the real conditional convergence of CEE countries, in comparison to the developed EU-27 countries. In addition, this deficiency poses not only a threat to the acceleration of real unconditional convergence but even the possibility of the occurrence of divergence. 3. Finally, some proposals for Poland are presented.

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1 Central European Review of Economics & Finance

1 Kwartalnik Nauk o Przedsiębiorstwie

1 Oeconomia Copernicana

1 Review of Economic Perspectives

1 Zeszyty Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Ekonomicznego w Zielonej Górze

1 Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

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1 Brodny J.

1 Brożek K.

1 Hajko V.

1 Kulbacki M.

1 Pera B.

1 Poteralska B.

1 Skawińska E.