Search results - CEJSH

1

Starość w starzejącej się Europie

100%

Krajewski P.

Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae

|

2010

|

vol. 8

|

issue 1

23-28

EN

The development of relationships between young people and the generation of the grandparents must be accompanied by a sense of solidarity and the need to share experiences especially in the family circle. In this way young people are slowly gaining experience in finding thread of understanding and creating relations with other people from atomising population. Mutual understanding and keeping good relations between the generations also prevents the isolation and marginalization of the older generation; then the young people do not see any interest to „help” them in this. Today we can observe with concern how culture of the nations living with the present moment is getting exhausted and disappears, because the individual gradually is losing its connection with family members and the roots of its own history. After all, the older people are able to offer invaluable assistance to young people, they can be and should be the trustees of the past and all these things in order to prevent young generation from forgetting traditions, customs, art, religion, music, culture and crafts of their fathers.

2

SENIOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN EUROPEAN CONTEXT: KEY DETERMINANTS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY

80%

Červený J., Pilková A., Rehák J.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

|

2016

|

vol. 64

|

issue 2

99 – 117

EN

This paper examines the determinants of total early stage entrepreneurial activity (TEA) within European countries and the different effect of these determinants on general population and senior cohort (aged 50+) in Eastern and Western Europe. We exploit the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) dataset spanning years 2001 – 2012 to address this issue. We examined both standard individual characteristics and indicators of social capital, and entrepreneurial potential (based on entrepreneurial skills, perception of opportunities and fear of failure). We analysed also impact of specific characteristics of entrepreneurial environment using a multi-level logistic regression. The results show that negative perception of skills and opportunities significantly lowers the probability to be involved in TEA. We find also that cultural norms, government programs and good banking services have a positive impact on TEA.

3

Krajané a současné migrační procesy

80%

Uherek Z.

Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)

|

2013

|

vol. 23

|

issue 4

235 – 240

EN

The text is an introduction to the Journal of Ethnology’s monothematic issue about expatriates. Its goal is to classify the theme into a wider context, to show that the relation to expatriates differs in different countries and to demonstrate that in many countries the emigration and the relations to expatriates constitute a significant component of the history and a part of processes of national identification. The text also deals with factors that strengthen the relation between the source and the destination country in the process of migration. It shows that the theme of expatriates does not include only the theme of emigration but also that of return migrations. From this point of view, the topicality of the theme of expatriates in Europe and the Czech Republic has rather increased than decreased recently. The examples of particular communities of expatriates come mainly from Europe. The author focused on the examples with Czech expatriates; partially he speaks about German, Polish, Irish and Armenian communities. In the conclusion, he mentions the contemporary trend of double residence and transnational lifestyle.

4

Opium notně vyčichlé? Náboženské procesy pozdní moderny v západní a východní Evropě

80%

Nespor Z. R.

Soudobé dějiny (Contemporary History)

|

2007

|

vol. 14

|

issue 2-3

269-304

EN

In this article the author presents a fundamental overview of developments in religion in Europe in the second half of the twentieth century. He compares the situation in West European countries and post-Communist countries, and, referring to the literature, analyzes some central trends. He explains, particularly the longstanding paradigmatic concept of secularization, whose currently most influential proponent is Steve Bruce, and three alternative models - Rodney Stark's theory of rational religious choice, Daniele Hervieu-Leger's concept of religious memory, and Jose Casanova's version of the concept of three autonomous components of secularization (whose meeting led to a striking decline in church-based religiousness in Western Europe). The author also considers questions of secularization and the subsequent changes outside and within the established churches, their legal standing, and influence on politics, the mass media, the school system, and other areas. He also explores the development and subsequent decline in the importance of new religious movements, including positions taken against them and against immigrants' religiousness, as well as the influence of implicit religions. Whereas 'political religion' has long lost its role in shaping identity, functional equivalents of religiousness appear mainly in European secularism, which, on the one hand, has Christian roots and has also quite successfully substituted for church-based Christianity, for example in the form of a negative European identity with regard to Muslims. In Late Modern Europe, the author argues, a great number of privatized religious or spiritual forms continue to exist. They may get the attention of only a small part of the public and encourage them to participate, but their influence as a cultural milieu is much larger. In Europe these and other religious processes are not asserted with equal force; though various forms of religion or non-religion have also been entering European politics and public life, they remain controversial partly because they are expressed in different measure and form.

5

DOES CORPORATE GOVERNANCE SUPPORT EFFICIENCY IN BANKING BUSINESS? EVIDENCE FROM EUROPEAN SYSTEMIC BANKS

80%

Boitan I. A., Nițescu D. C.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

|

2019

|

vol. 67

|

issue 5

525 – 549

EN

The paper addresses bank governance and efficiency in an integrated manner, providing new findings and insight for future policy. The analysis gravitates around a representative set of financial institutions, comprising of all the Global Systemically Important Financial Institutions currently monitored by the European Banking Association. The empirical study had been developed on several complementary stages. Firstly, we applied a non-parametric approach to compute the technical efficiency which indirectly measures banks’ managerial efficiency in conducting the banking business. Secondly, we performed a panel data regression to uncover whether banks’ managerial efficiency is determined by boards of directors characteristics in terms of size, independence and gender diversity. Thirdly, we employed a panel data regression with fixed effects to assess if managerial efficiency and board’s features have an impact on several bank-level and banking system-level financial indicators. The findings show that managerial efficiency and banking indicators are determined by boards’ characteristics.

6

AUTORITÁŘSKÉ REPRESIVNÍ STRATEGIE A VOLEBNÍ SOUTĚŽIVOST

80%

Bílek J.

Sociológia (Sociology)

|

2017

|

vol. 49

|

issue 4

343 – 368

EN

Elections in electoral and competitive authoritarian regimes have recently gained a great deal of attention in comparative research. This paper offers an explanation of variation in degree of electoral competitiveness in electoral authoritarianism in post-communist Europe and Eurasia. Contrary to existing research which is focused mostly on variables related to the opposition, this study concentrates on seven authoritarian repressive strategies derived from previous research about elections in hybrid regimes. For that purpose, this study compares 67 cases of elections that were carried out between 1990 and 2014, employing regression analysis and qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) while engaging the new data on incumbent abuse from the Varieties of Democracy (V-DEM) project. The results highlight the importance of media censorship and legal exclusion of opposition. These findings are in a discrepancy with previous research as the two most influential repressive strategies which are usually mentioned with respect to electoral authoritarianism, i.e. economic statism and governmental control of electoral committees, are proven as rather irrelevant in the post-communist's context.

7

EUROPEAN THINKING AND THE STUDY OF WORLD ART FROM A NATURAL PERSPECTIVE

80%

Mortu A.

ESPES

|

2018

|

vol. 7

|

issue 2

43-50

EN

My aim in this paper is to address some difficulties related to the development of an emerging discipline called world art studies. While it originates as a European discipline in the German scholarly tradition around 1900 (Pfisterer, 2008), world art studies comes to the fore only recently (Onians, 1996, 2016) with recent advances in natural and cognitive sciences, which hold promise for providing more inclusive categories that could serve the study of art as a worldwide phenomenon. I focus more specifically on the strengths and weaknesses of psychology as explanatory framework for world art studies. While contemporary scholars no longer dwell on collective mentalities or “spirits” of an age (Gombrich, 1967), the problem of postulating mysterious faculties in relation to art behaviour and aesthetic response is still present when adopting as an entry point the universality of human nature.

8

POTŘEBUJEME KOREKTNÍ MANAŽERY ANEBO OSOBNOSTI?

80%

Vencálek J.

Annales Scientia Politica

|

2016

|

vol. 5

|

issue 2

58 – 63

EN

Complexity of development of relations which originate on the European continent makes the need for a comprehensive approach to the organization and administration of the territory. The existing preference of loyal managers with their economic and operational focus to assessing reality comes into conflict with the need to analyse the complementary relations conditioning the potential of the area. The need for highly knowledgeable personalities with moral credit is particularly evident in the creation of fractal relationships between functionally and semantically established local, regional and global structures.

9

HOW EUROPE WENT TO WAR IN 1914

80%

Kováč D.

Historický časopis (Historical Journal)

|

2016

|

vol. 64

|

issue 5

845 – 871

EN

The study is devoted to the question of the outbreak of war in August 1914. The author analyses the imperial aims of the individual great powers and their war aims. He takes a critical view of the attempts of some authors to transfer the blame for the war to all the participants. According to the author, having imperial aims and starting a war are two different things. The Central Powers played the key role in starting the war in the summer of 1914. Germany used various channels to put pressure on its ally Austria-Hungary to start the war quickly.

10

POZNÁMKY K PRAVEKÉMU UMENIU: VÝCHODISKÁ A MOŽNOSTI DEFINÍCIE

80%

Makky L.

ESPES

|

2015

|

vol. 4

|

issue 1

26 – 38

EN

The twentieth century shows that the interest in fine art did not mitigate despite the radical changes in its form and content and the problem of his definition represents live and dynamic (complicated too) issue which has brought broader possibilities of looking at the art regarding the anti-essentialist tendencies. Determination of the status of non-European (in the understanding of tradition) or other artistic production presents a specific place in the analysis and is the problem itself. Even prehistoric articles of European artistic production paradoxically belong to the artistic sphere of non-European tradition and occupy special place in the specific sphere of fine art, and present the challenge for theoreticians and recipients. The aim of analysis is to review relative contemporary approaches and their critical application to the environment of prehistoric art, which shows significant specifications perplexing the use of the notion of fine art. The author does not strive for setting the definition of prehistoric art, but to point out the possibilities and the methods of how to get an integrated thesis on the artistic production of the oldest European period.

11

HOW DOES “THE SHARE OF THE PIE” MATTER? EUROPEAN EMPIRICS ON THE FINANCIAL SATISFACTION OF PARTNERS

80%

Mysíková M.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

|

2019

|

vol. 67

|

issue 5

504 – 524

EN

This paper aims to extend the knowledge of the relationship between within-couple income distribution and partners’ financial satisfaction, using data from the EU-SILC 2013 for 15 European countries, for the first time including data from Eastern Europe. We find that men’s preferences typically concur with the “traditional” male-breadwinner family model, as husband’s satisfaction decreases with a larger female share of household income. In contrast, in nine countries, men’s satisfaction actually increases at the point where they are substantially out-earned by their wives, but this concerns only a small fraction of couples. Women in half of the countries tend to prefer a single-income scheme with either partner being the breadwinner, but again we stress that this matters mainly in extreme situations, while a tendency towards egoistic preferences favouring a larger personal share of household income predominates otherwise. We find that women prefer the traditional male-breadwinner model in only four countries.

12

Staré legendy a nové návštěvy "Východu". O obrazech dějin Normana M. Naimarka

80%

Hahnova E., Hahn H. H.

Soudobé dějiny (Contemporary History)

|

2007

|

vol. 14

|

issue 2-3

488-500

EN

This article is a Czech translation of an article originally published in 'Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaft', vol. 54 (2006), nos 7-8, pp. 687-700. Its two authors take issue with the historical concepts of the well-known American historian, Norman M. Naimark, as presented in his 'Fires of Hatred: Ethnic Cleansing in Twentieth-Century Europe' (published in English, 2001, German, 2004, and Czech, 2006) and in the article 'Die Killing Fields des Ostens und Europas geteilte Erinnerung,' published in the Austrian journal 'Transit' (no. 30, winter 2005/06, pp. 57-69). Naimark, according to the two authors, achieved considerable popularity with some historians and readers of history by attempting a revision of the existing conceptions of tragic aspects of twentieth-century European history. In fact, however, he offers nothing new, merely dragging out some old cliches and returning to the tradition of the German populist (völkisch) historiography. That is as true of his interpretation of the post-war expulsion of the German inhabitants of Poland and Czechoslovakia as an act of revenge for wrongs suffered as it is of his implying that the East European nations manifested a particular propensity to ethnic violence in the twentieth century. When he depicts the history of 'Eastern' Europe as a series of murders and ethnic cleansings, Naimark tends to display a preacher's zeal rather than an ability to distinguish things historically. Nor do the authors accept Naimark's challenge to bridge the different collective memories of Germans, Poles, Ukrainians, and other nations with the shared recollection of conflicts in order to create a common historical memory. One needs to deal with those differences rationally, argue the authors, not to wipe them away by making relative the categories of perpetrator and victim.

13

SLEDOVANIE MÉDIÍ A VNÍMANIE BEZPEČIA V EURÓPE

80%

Kentoš M.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

|

2013

|

vol. 16

|

issue 1

-

EN

Cultivation theory proposed that fear of crime is caused by heavy exposure to mass media. Presented study explores related hypothesis that fear of crime is product of media consumption. To test this and competing hypothesis, we analysed the results of European social survey data Round 5. The results indicate small additional value of media consumption variables to the increased fear of crime.

14

“EUROPE CAN NEVER BE LOST AS LONG AS THERE ARE MEN LIKE YOU” – HUIZINGA AND EUROPE

80%

Van der Lem A.

World Literature Studies

|

2017

|

vol. 9

|

issue 1

7 – 20

EN

As a professor in Groningen (1908/09, 1912/13) and Leiden (1916/17, 1922/23, 1931/32, 1939/1940) Huizinga chose to lecture on the “Grondslagen van Europa” (the Foundations of Europe). In these lectures he focused on the ancient and early medieval history of Europe. In 1941 he considered writing a book entitled Een gezicht op Europa (A view on Europe), of which the title page and the first page were printed. This book was supposed to start with the Roman Empire. But after 1933, with the rise of the totalitarian systems of communism and fascism, Huizinga became worried about the future of our civilization in general. He dealt most explicitly with the history of Europe in his Patriotisme en nationalisme in de Europeesche geschiedenis tot het einde der 19de eeuw (Haarlem, 1940; translated a. o. into English and German). In 1943 he preferred to write a short survey about the possibilities of a recovery of our civilization: Geschonden wereld (Haarlem, 1946; translated into German three times, 1945: Wenn die Waffen schweigen; 1948: Geschändete Welt; 2014: Verratene Welt). The article combines an analysis of Huizinga’s published works concerning Europe with unpublished sources from his archives.

15

COMPETITION AND STABILITY IN THE EUROPEAN GLOBAL SYSTEMICALLY IMPORTANT BANKS

80%

Kočišová K.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

|

2020

|

vol. 68

|

issue 5

431 – 454

EN

This paper aims to analyse the stability of the global systemically important banks located in European countries between the 2008 and 2017, to find out whether the changing competitive environment affects the stability of these banks, and to determine variables with a significant impact on their stability. The stability is estimated by two proxies, Z-score and loan loss provisions, while the level of competition is estimated inversely by two indexes (market share and the Lerner index) expressing the market power of specified bank. We obtained the four main results. First: we provide evidence in line with the competition- -fragility paradigm when we use Z-score as a proxy of overall bank stability. Second: we provide evidence in line with the competition-stability paradigm when loan loss provisions measured loan stability. Third: our nonlinear investigation shows that around a specific turning point, the level of market power is likely to exacerbate the individual-risk-taking behaviour, and could be detrimental to the stability of the banking sector. Fourth: we showed that the increasing share of fixed assets on total assets, increasing bank liquidity, economic growth, and lagged stability measure had a positive impact on bank stability.

16

IMPACT OF MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS ON EUROPEAN INSURERS: EVIDENCE FROM EQUITY MARKETS

80%

Jakubik P., Zafeiris D.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

|

2018

|

vol. 66

|

issue 9

925 – 944

EN

The current macro-economic and financial conditions remain extremely challenging for the European insurance sector. Due to the ongoing low-yield environment and competitive pressure from new players, in particular technology-focused start-ups entering the markets, insurers are changing their business models and looking for new investment and business opportunities to improve their profitability and overall solvency positions. This is also reflected in increasing interest in mergers and acquisitions to achieve sufficient returns. However, there is no clear answer in the literature as to whether this strategy brings the anticipated positive results. This study empirically tests the effects of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) on the share prices of European insurers via an event study. Our results do not confirm the positive impact of such strategies on acquirers’ share prices delivering abnormal returns for shareholders.

17

The Concept Of European Unity In The Political Thought Of The Second And Third Polish Republic – An Outline

80%

Machaj Ł., Maciejewski M.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

|

2010

|

issue 2(14)

363-374

EN

The authors reconstruct seven basic vision of the integration of the continent present in contemporary Polish political thought. These projects are to create a "federal Europe", "Europe of homelands", "Europe regions "," free-market Europe "," social Europe "," liberal Europe " and "Christian Europe".

18

Historyczne procesy identyfikacji narodowej i wyznaniowej dawnej Rzeczypospolitej

80%

Przeździecki M.

Studia Europejskie-Studies in European Affairs

|

2012

|

issue 2

113-142

EN

The formation of nations is the outcome of complicated processes, of which the most important are historical processes. The ethnic definition of a nation includes traditions, customs, folk culture and religious beliefs as a part of cultural community. The symbolic beginning of the modern Polish nation was the year 1569. At that time, noblemen were the nation. The analysis of the process of nation forming in the territory of the Commonwealth concerns the genesis of Poles, Lithuanians, Latvians, Estonians, Belarusians and Ukrainians, and also, to some extent, Russians. The national identity of the Polish-Lithuanian state was defined by its federal system, the nobility democracy and elective monarchy, its multicultural, multireligious and multiethic nature. The Commonwealth of the XVI and XVII centuries was the phenomenon of antemurale – ‘the rampart of Christianity’. The idea of bringing about a rapprochement between the nations of the former Commonwealth was approved by Pope John Paul II who supported European integration. The Pope believed that in the process of European integration one should not draw solely from the experience of Western countries but one should also appreciate the cultural heritage of the Middle and Eastern European nations together with the former Commonwealth of Two Nations.

19

FACTORS OF POLITICAL INTEREST – THE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL POLITICAL EFFICACY IN DIFFERENT REGIONS OF EUROPE

80%

Szabó A., Oross D.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

|

2017

|

vol. 20

|

issue 4

-

EN

The aim of the paper is to map differences among European citizens regarding their political interest. In addition to the standard question of political interest, the dataset of the 7th wave of the European Social Survey includes new questions about individual political competences and about the perception of the political system. Based on this data, citizens’ assessment of their countries political system and of their ability to participate in politics can contribute to a better understanding of differences among European countries concerning those factors that affect political interest. The paper first describes differences between the attitudes of citizens and their perception about their political systems from a European perspective. Then it examines how political interest is influenced by external and internal political efficiency. Our study has confirmed that internal and external political efficacy is correlated in almost all countries. We found that residents of a country who believe that they have their personal skills to influence politics are basically those who say that the political system accepts their demands and vice-versa. Overall, our research has confirmed that political interest stems from internal political efficiency, from cultural and learnable factors. External factors as political systems (openness and closeness) have a lesser influence on it, but it is undeniable that individual competences of citizens are consistently higher in systems that are more open. The traditional cultural differences of Europe's democracies, indicated by Inglehart, Huntington and Haller are still relevant in this regard.

20

IS SATISFACTION WITH HEALTHCARE INDEED SATISFACTION WITH HEALTHCARE?

80%

Ainsaar M., Nahkur O.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

|

2019

|

vol. 22

|

issue 4

29 – 41

EN

The aim of the paper is to compare public satisfaction with healthcare systems in four types of European healthcare systems and test the hypothesis that healthcare satisfaction is partially a product of the factors outside the healthcare system. The structural equation model showed that the overall latent institutional satisfaction component was linked universally with healthcare satisfaction in all countries, regardless of the healthcare system. Moreover, the results demonstrated that latent components of satisfaction with different national institutions were one of the most powerful factors related to formation of satisfaction with the healthcare system. This can be taken into account in the healthcare system assessments in the future.

Refine search results