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ATTITUDES TO OTHERNESS

100%

Sroda M.

Przegląd Filozoficzno-Literacki

2008

vol. 6

issue 2-3(20)

415-429

The article is devoted to the cultural and moral aspects of alienation. European culture is formed as a conglomerate of communities and states the members of which build their identity basing it on the awareness of distinction (spatial, anthropological, religious, normative). Therefore, there is no Europe without 'her foreigners'. Still the relations with them were most often destructive. Until now, the problem of cultural diversity within Europe and of our relation to the immigrants is ambiguous and complex. At the same time it was within European culture that the code of universal values based on the demand for universal equality came into being. From the beginning, the formal (religious, Enlightenment) equality started to be put into practice being influenced by the ideas of the Greek philoxenia, philanthropy and cosmopolitism, Christian caritas, Enlightenment tolerance, Hegelian 'recognition' and human solidarity.

HUMANISM AFTER HUMANISM (Humanizm po humanizmie)

70%

Borowski A.

Kwartalnik Filozoficzny

2010

vol. 38

issue 2

123-131

The history of the notion of 'Humanism' reflects various intellectual trends in European and universal culture since the early modern period up to the post-modern era. Their common and basic element was the classical idea of humanity (the Greek paideia and the Latin humanitas) with its origins reaching back to Mediterranean antiquity and its 'media', the so-called 'bonae artes' or 'bonae litterae'. The paper deals with a fundamental question: How is the idea of humanism with its ancient and early modern (i.e. Renaissance and post-Renaissance) background and its modern formula present in the contemporary paradigm of the human sciences? Other questions seem to be equally important: What were the main characteristics of reflection on humanism in the 19th century and how were they continued in the 20th century and in contemporary Renaissance studies, particularly in Polish? How did the notion of humanism function as a philosophical and political metaphor of the outlook in life? How did humanism influence the development of national and European identities in its political and cultural sense? What was its impact on the religious ideas of Christianity? All of these problems seem to be pivotal questions of contemporary culture.

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ATTITUDES TO OTHERNESS

HUMANISM AFTER HUMANISM (Humanizm po humanizmie)