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WHAT IS THE MEDITERRANEAN BASIN TO MODERN EUROPEAN ETHNOLOGY? SELECTED PROBLEMS

100%
Kuzma I.
Lud
|
2006
|
vol. 90
121-138
EN
The article describes a research problem, which relates to the modern ethnological understanding of the concept of 'area', using the Mediterranean Basin as an example. The Basin is one of the more distinct cultural territories, present in the research tradition of ethnology, mainly western ethnology. The contemporary political and economic changes affect the ideas of the European cultural identity, including that of its regions and cultural areas. The roots of the so-called European character, its place in Europe (also understood as the sources of specific symbols and values) at the intersection of these phenomena, which is called the South and the North, the East and the West, are re-examined. It is still meaningful to ask questions about the place of the 'otherness'/'distinctness', the dimension of 'strangeness' in the seemingly tamed world, about the sense to build the cultural identity in the decentralized reality of today, which, generally speaking, is subjected to two opposing forces: conscious decentralization and search for locality and (often) subconscious subordination to unification. Programme transformation that 'Musée des Arts et Traditions Populaires' is presently undergoing is part of this context. The museum will be moved from Paris to Marseille and renamed to 'Musée des Civilisations de l'Europe et de la Méditerranée' (planned to be opened in 2008). It is this project that is the axis around which the problems discussed in the article are focused: 1. what is the modern understanding of such concepts as 'cultural space', 'region' and 'cultural area'; 2. the history of the formation of the scientific concept that describes a specific cultural identity, i.e. the Mediterranean Basin; 3. how selected western ethnological research centres dealing in the problems of the Mediterranean Basin solve the problem of its metaphorization, when it is no longer treated as a real territory but it is moved to the level of pure research category.
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Texty a kontexty. Několik poznámek k postavení slovesné folkloristiky mezi evropskou etnologií a kulturní antropologií

75%
Janecek P.
Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)
|
2009
|
vol. 19
|
issue 4
235-239
EN
The study reflects on the actual position of literary folkloristics within the domestic academic discourse. Although - at the very beginning of ethnologic research - the studies of folklore texts were in the foreground and a more remarkable interest in artefacts of material or folk culture as a whole occurred much more later, at present the study of folklore reaches a certain marginal position, being even part of rhetoric proclaimed by proponents of different schools in cultural and social anthropology. The essay reflects on the causes of the above contemporary phenomenon, considering the inherent characteristics of folkloristics, and - simultaneously - outlining the impulses to the next development thereof. The main sense and importance of literary folkloristics, a discipline being in an apparently 'schizophrenic' position on the boundary between humanities and social sciences, is regarded not as taking-over of the period conjunctural themes, theories or methodologies from other branches, but as emphasizing of collection and analysis of the texts widespread by word of mouth, which should especially be in the foreground of folkloristic researches.
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