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1

APOLOGUS AKO ŽÁNER BAROKOVEJ LITERATÚRY

100%
Konečný M.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
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2015
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vol. 62
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issue 2
115 – 128
EN
Within the genre range of Slovak Baroque literature there has appeared to be a less known genre called apologue. It happened in the work titled Apologorum moralium libri VI (Trnava, 1747, 1752) by Konštantín Halapi (1698 – 1752). Apologue can be translated as a fable. The fable is also referred to in many titles of the texts in the collection. Fables appear in Slovak Baroque literature as parts of sermons fulfilling the function of exemplums as well as parts of manuscript almanacs of folk and semi-folk literature. In both cases the target reader was a simple individual. Halapi´s apologues are different in many ways; the Latin language and quantitative metre suggest that these apologues are meant for advanced readers, and are not used as exemplums. The author offers them as autonomous works of art. The paper offers a brief overview of the historical development of fable as a genre and apologue as a concept in the context of Ancient and neo-Latin literature. The analysis of Halapi´s collection, where the poet offers his own view of apologue as a genre, is used to examine how the genre was perceived in the context of the contemporary literature. Halapi highlights the didactic function of literature and the persuasive potential of aesthetically valuable allegorical short stories. He freely admits their unconcealed fictitiousness as the „invented things“ in the stories serve the truth and education.
2

KONTEXTY RANĚNOVOVĚKÉHO EXEMPLA: MOŽNOSTI DALŠÍHO BÁDÁNÍ

100%
Soleiman pour Hashemi M.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
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2022
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vol. 69
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issue 6
556 - 568
EN
The article defines the exemplum as an intertext in homiletic literature of various origins. The genre, modelled on the dichotomy of redemption (motives of virtue) and damnation (motives of sin), served the didactic function. Basic source texts for exempla were biblical and classical (or pseudo-classical) texts, patristic texts, religious and secular chronicles, various legends and other historiographic treatises, and books of emblems (the last of these have elicited least scholarly attention). However, other texts, less often associated with exempla, also served as their sources. These include such mediaeval and early modern period texts as the Golden Legend and the writings of Laurentius Surius (for exempla of the legend type) or (in postils) various partial legends (Vitae) – depending on which saint the sermon was devoted to. The study of exempla in early modern literature also encompasses such issues as geographical and temporal variation of the genre (period terminology), their literary value, secularisation (fairy tales, peddlers’ songs), and their permeation into other genres.
3
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Středověké exemplum a současný folklor

88%
Simonides D.
Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)
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2009
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vol. 19
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issue 4
250-259
EN
The study deals with both the view of the importance of exempla, and the rarely applied methodological procedure, i.e. the interpretation of contemporary front-page stories telling as a parallel to medieval exempla telling. The incorporation of exempla and folklore tales within the context of culture, level of education and 'everyday life', which features with a rapid rate and new ways in disseminating the information - opposite to the Middle Ages - is of great importance. The co-existences of different social classes, traditions and cultures play an important role. Exempla are understood as a certain type of bridges built between folklore and literature by the activities of medieval preachers. Both the ethic function of exempla and their role in creation of cultural and historical consciousness are pointed-out. Many exempla converted into other folklore kinds during their development. When interpreting the exempla and contemporary front-page stories, the attention is to be turned to the 'narrative situation' and the recipient. The variability of a story is caused by the actualization of place, time and circumstances in which the story is set. A folklorist is to observe this procedure.
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