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1

Nic není, tedy Jsem (Berkeleyho a Klímovo pojetí existence)

100%
Skorpikova Z.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
|
2007
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vol. 55
|
issue 5
709-719
EN
Berkeley and Klima agree that for the sake of god the existence of the external world is to be rejected. While Berkeley replaces the eliminated external world with god, who is the source of our sensations and in whose mind all things exist, Klima's concept of god is a triumph over the deception of intentionality. Berkeley introduces a new concept of existence - to exist means to be perceived - things therefore really exist, either in our minds or in the mind of god. For Klima the elimination of the external world means that the world is an illusion. This illusion is the result of intentionality, which is the uneliminable structure of consciousness; by breaking with the deception of intentionality Klima arrives at the concept 'I am God.'
2

PŘÍBYTKY V LUSTIGOVÝCH PRÓZÁCH

100%
Chytilová I.
Motus in verbo: časopis mladej vedeckej generácie
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2013
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vol. 2
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issue 2
72 – 85
EN
The study is focused on space of attic room in the prose Z deníku sedmnáctileté Perly Sch., Colette: Dívka z Antverp, Krásné zelené oči, which for the characters made not only a vision of refuge from the outside world, but presented also a place of dreaming and remembering the times before World War II. The parts of each space are things which are also involved in overall nature of the space and on the what measure this object are entered to the awareness of the characters which will use the things not only for their own need, but these things also become a means enabling the characters to think back about past times. In accordance with the performed analysis we can conclude that the objects are not mere props that fill the almost empty space, but they are bearers of substance and that they also have their own ontological existence.
3

ON A SUPPOSED PUZZLE CONCERNING MODALITY AND EXISTENCE

100%
Atkinson T., Hill D. J., McLeod S. K.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
|
2019
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vol. 26
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issue 3
446 – 473
EN
Kit Fine has proposed a new solution to what he calls ‘a familiar puzzle’ concerning modality and existence. The puzzle concerns the argument from the alleged truths ‘It is necessary that Socrates is a man’ and ‘It is possible that Socrates does not exist’ to the apparent falsehood ‘It is possible that Socrates is a man and does not exist’. We discuss in detail Fine’s setting up of the ‘puzzle’ and his rejection, with which we concur, of two mooted solutions to it. (One of these uses standard, Kripkean, notions, and the other rests on work done by Arthur Prior.) We set out, and reject, the philosophy of modality underlying Fine’s new solution, and we defend an alternative response to the alleged puzzle. Our solution follows the work of David Wiggins in distinguishing between the sentential operator ‘It is necessary that’ and the predicate modifier ‘necessarily’. We briefly provide this distinction with a possible- world semantics on which it is neither a necessary truth, in some sense, that Socrates does not exist, in some sense, that Socrates necessarily exists.
4
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Franciszka Brentana koncepcja istnienia

100%
Łukasiewicz D.
Filo-Sofija
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2011
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vol. 11
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issue 4(15)
899-909
EN
The paper presents Franz Brentano’s theory of existence. In particular, we discuss Brentano’s arguments for the thesis that existence is not a predicate. The most important role in the defense of such a concept of existence is played by the theory of judgment, according to which, judging consists in the acceptance or rejection of the object of presentation. However, the analysis of Brentano’s arguments for the existential theory of judgment demonstrates that there are no sufficient reasons to accept Brentano’s thesis concerning the nature of existence.
5
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Filozofia Kazimierza Hoffmana? Refleksje na marginesie książki Poznawanie Kazimierza Hoffmana

100%
Czerniak S.
Filo-Sofija
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2011
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vol. 11
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issue 4(15)
1038-1046
EN
The article shows the philosophical background of Kazimierz Hoffman’s poetry. The author points to Hoffman’s idea of the Divine, which creates all possible objects in the world and incessantly sustains their existence, treating it as the crucial point of his philosophical stance. Another question is devoted to a possible relationship between Hoffman’s philosophical views and the traditions of the philosophy of life and phenomenology. Worth examining are also some similarities between Hoffman’s concept of donation and the ethical standpoint of E. Lévinas. In conclusion to those considerations one could claim that in Hoffman’s poetry we experience an interesting kind of mysticism uniting the contemplation of the absolute order with the aesthetic, perfectionist attempts to write the “ideal poem” and to connect the metaphysical insight with the experimental form. In the article the author quotes extensively the most important hermeneutic conclusions contained in the book Poznawanie Kazimierza Hoffmana (“The Understanding of Kazimierz Hoffman”).
6
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THE ORIGIN OF EVIL ACCORDING TO SOREN KIERKEGAARD (Geneza zla w filozofii Sorena Kierkegaarda)

100%
Misiak R.
Analiza i Egzystencja. Czasopismo Filozoficzne
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2009
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issue 10
33-54
EN
According to Kierkegaard the source of evil in the world is not the first action of the first man (Adam) but the first action of any of us. The prerequisite of evil is the jump from innocence to freedom. This jump leads to first evil action and it opens way to religious faith. It is also way to real existence. The fear is the evidence of sin. Kierkegaard's redefinition of original evil leads to recognition of our own role in appearing sin in the world and seeks some rescue in religious faith. Keeping innocence is impossible for humans. The consciousness of our own sin is according to Kierkegaard the highest form of self-knowledge.
7

TELESNOSŤ A ŽIVOTNÝ SVET

100%
Kačerauskas T.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2008
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vol. 63
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issue 7
625-634
EN
The article deals with the relation between body and its environment. According to the author the body is not only a centre of orientation, but also a factor of creative interaction. The role of the senses is analysed, drawing from the phenomenology of Husserl and Merleau-Ponty. On the background of Levinas ideas the body is conceived as the source of the ethical relationships between the inhabitants of the environment, which is parallely created by them. The body is interpreted in the context of phenomenological and hermeneutical cultural studies. The author raises the thesis that the body is implicit in the existential creation conceived as an interaction between us and our environment. The phenomenology of culture is conceived as an interaction between different existential layers (ethical, aesthetical, technical), where the body lays an important role. The theses, raised in the article, are illustrated by the examples from multi-layer art (e. g. films).
8

Analiza struktury i geneza egzystencji: dwie postacie metody fenomenologicznej

100%
Płotka W.
Kwartalnik Filozoficzny
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2012
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vol. 40
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issue 3
23 - 41
EN
The article argues that the static and genetic phenomenological methods are complementary rather than opposed. In claiming this, it challenges Jacques Derrida’s interpretation of Edmund Husserl’s philosophy. It is claimed that a proper understanding of the two methods must take into consideration Husserl’s B III 10 manuscript. Using the manuscript the author reconstructs the object, limits, and character of both methods of inquiry. Then it is argued that one is able to use the genetic method to investigate human existence. Indeed, Husserl studies the topic of existence in the E III 6 manuscript and in the Crisis.
9

Paula Ricoeura hermeneutyka symboli. Próba prezentacji)

100%
Michałowski D.
Kwartalnik Filozoficzny
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2012
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vol. 40
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issue 3
91 - 114
EN
The article is an attempt to understand the Paul Ricoeur’s hermeneutics of symbols. According to him the world of symbols is the key to understanding existence. This is testified by three areas of modern thought: Freud’s psychoanalysis, the phenomenology of religion, and poetry. All of them show that only through symbols are we able to touch the riddle of reality and the mystery of existence. However, what symbols reveal is not conclusive; they simultaneously show and cover up, pointing to different and contradictory values and meanings. Thus one of the most important problems are conflicting interpretations. Phenomenology and psychoanalysis offer a suggestive example in this context: for phenomenology symbols lead to truth, while for psychoanalysis they lie and mask. Which interpretation is correct? According Ricoeur we should accept both, understanding that both explain the paradox of being.
10

Existence as 'complementum possibilitatis'

100%
Banaszkiewicz A.
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2005
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vol. 14
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issue 2(54)
135-147
EN
The author analyses the concept of existence in Christian Wolff's 'Philosophia prima sive ontologia' and confronts it with his concept of being. This distinction helps him to highlight the difference between ontology and more specific parts of metaphysics such as psychology, theology or transcendental cosmology. Wolff's ontology contains only a modal explication of being. No a priori ontological analysis can answer the question why this and not some other being has been brought about to exist. Contingent beings cannot exist without a sufficient reason, thus their existence can be explained only by specific sciences.
11

JOSE LASHERAS HELLIN'S INTERPRETATION OF FRANCISCO SUAREZ'S VIEWS

100%
Leszczyna D.
Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric
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2009
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issue 15(28)
39-46
EN
The article is an attempt to reveal and present the interpretation of Suarez's philosophy suggested by Hellin, specifically Suarez's metaphysics. The author focuses mainly on the characteristics and presentation of the attributes of created and uncreated being. According to Hellín, Suarez's fundamental thesis is based on the statement that God is existence through a being, whereas the creature owes its permanence in existence and action to the so-called dynamic participation. The metaphysical essence of the creature, after Hellín, consists neither in a real composition of a being and existence, his finiteness, nor the predicative interrelation called mensurae et mensurati, but it is based on a radical relationship, also called dynamic participation or casual participation.
12

ON THE ORIGINS OF THE BERKELEIAN DEFINITION OF 'EXISTENCE'

100%
Szalek P. K.
Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric
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2009
|
issue 15(28)
145-159
EN
The paper seeks an interpretation of Berkeley's metaphysics, which is characterised in terms of an attempt to formulate a kind of ontology of the existence. Although essential, this existential aspect of Berkeleian thought is surprisingly neglected by commentators, presumably due to the dominant epistemological tendency in the interpretation of his philosophy. The aim of the paper is an attempt to fill the above lack in the scholarship on Berkeley's philosophy.
13

POETIKA EXISTENCIE (METODOLOGICKO-INTERPRETAČNÁ ŠTÚDIA)

88%
Bílik R.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
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2017
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vol. 64
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issue 3
175 – 191
EN
The paper consists of two parts. In the first part the author focuses on the possibility to use the impulses of philosophical phenomenology, especially the part that reflects on the issues of existence and identity as a methodological tool designed for literary theoretical reflection. The core of the reflection in question is an effort to show the interconnection between literature as the image of the world in writing and a man’s life situation in the actual „lived life“. In this respect the author considers literary works as the „expressions of life“ - symbolic forms, which are a version of „revealing“ the motion of existence. The other part of the paper is a poetics-oriented interpretational reading of a novel written by Janko Silan titled Dom opustenosti /The House of Loneliness/ and it is in relation with the first part as an attempt at verifying the theoretical principles of the „hermeneutics of existence“ in the practice of the hermeneutics of a literary text.
14

LITERÁRNE DIELO LEONIDA ANDREJEVA V KOTEXTE NEMECKEJ VOLUNTARISTICKEJ FILOZOFIE

88%
Dúbravská N.
Motus in verbo: časopis mladej vedeckej generácie
|
2019
|
vol. 8
|
issue 1
52 – 63
EN
Proposed paper focuses on the aspect of German voluntarism and its implications in the prose of Russian modernist writer Leonid Andreyev. The author of the paper explores the main ideas behind the German system of thought in the works of Arthur Schopenhauer and confronts them with Andreyev’s literary writings. The author emphasizes the concept of metaphysical ‘will’ as an underlying principle of voluntaristic philosophy and uses it as a reference point in the analysis of the writer’s prose. The paper attempts to define the purpose of ‘will’ in the life of Andreyev’s characters and to demonstrate its oppressive nature in relation to the notion of human freedom and self-fulfilment.
15

SUBJECT AND PREDICATE IN EXISTENTIAL PROPOSITIONS: A SURVEY OF FREGE’S PROBLEM AND ITS SOLUTIONS

88%
Asadi S.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
|
2020
|
vol. 27
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issue 4
522 – 538
EN
Frege argues that considering Socrates as an object in the proposition “Socrates exists” raises two problems. First, this proposition would be uninformative. Second, its negation entails a contradiction. Attempting to solve these problems, Frege claims that Socrates is representing the concept of a man whose name is Socrates. Therefore, existence is a second-order concept. This paper surveys the main modern theories about the types of existence, in order to find another response to Frege’s problems. For, if Socrates’ existence differs from the type that “exists” implies, “Socrates exists” is informative and its negation is not a contradiction. At last, this paper argues for an idea, in which “existence” is not a concept or property. Existence is the principle of the objects. So, “Socrates exists” is in fact “the existence is Socrates,” and “Socrates does not exist” is “there is no existence that is Socrates.” This idea could be an alternative for responding to Frege’s problems.
16

Heideggerovo pojetí fakticity řeči jako původu klamu

88%
Holecek T.
Teorie vědy (Theory of Science)
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2010
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vol. 32
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issue 1
7-17
EN
The article presents Martin Heidegger's early conception of foundational questions of logic and science. It focuses on their treatment in the Introduction to Phenomenological research (the lectures from 1923/1924, published as Gesamtausgabe, Bd. 17). Presenting the conception of phenomenon, perception, language/speech, noun and verb, proposition and deceit, the article shows the fundamental idea of facticity of speaking as the ground of these questions. It uses ideas of existence, fact and time to achieve the result. The impact on the most famous early book by Martin Heidegger is also considered.
17

ON ESCAPING THE SEEMINGLY INESCAPABLE: REFLECTIONS ON BEING IN LEVINAS

88%
Hofmeyr B.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2012
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vol. 67
|
issue 6
460 – 471
EN
Like his one-time teacher, Heidegger, Levinas makes a distinction between Being (Sein) and beings (Seiendes), but prefers to speak of ‘existence’ and the ‘existent’. Again, like Heidegger, Levinas understands existence in its verbal sense as the self-unfolding act of Being that is attested to in the manifestation of particular beings. Unlike his teacher, however, existence signals for him the unbearable heaviness of Being, as if being a Jew as opposed to being a German in Europe in the years preceding WWII cast a different light on the human existential condition, through which alone we have access to Being. Levinas’s particular conceptualisation of existence, forged at a particular world historical juncture, forms the basis for his particular ‘metaphysical’ account of the conditions of possibility of ethical action. Although Levinas’s early essays present us with an extensive mediation on the nature of existence, only a few commentators offer it more than a mere cursory sketch. My aim in this essay is therefore to throw some light on Levinas’s conceptualisation of Being from its root in Plato’s understanding of essence as ‘ousia’, its indebtedness to Heidegger’s ontological difference, and its ultimate departure from the latter’s understanding of Sein as generosity and Lichtung. As we shall see, existence for Levinas is a two-sided coin that encapsulates the empowering verbal sense of Being as dynamism and the overpowering stultifying sense of irremissible contract in which is inscribed the exigency of an impossible escape. It is this very conceptualisation that informs Levinas’s lifelong trans-ontological quest for a path otherwise and beyond Being.
18

CONFLICTING ASPECTS OF HUGH McCANN’S THEORY OF ACTION

88%
Cicic D.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2011
|
vol. 66
|
issue 9
918 – 927
EN
The paper focuses on two aspects of Hugh McCann’s theory of action and shows that they stand in conflict. The first of them is McCann’s defense of the claim that all overt actions are grounded in special kinds of mental action – volitions (from the Gilbert Ryle’s famous ‘dilemma’ argument). The second aspect is his answer to the problem of causal deviance. The paper shows that the same element that makes his theory immune to Ryle’s argument limits its strength in dealing with the problem of causal deviance. In conclusion it appears that the only version of volitionism that can be defended is its understanding which restricts the scope of human action to mental activity.
19

DYNAMIKA ĽUDSKÉHO PRÍSTUPU K SVETU V DIELE JANA PATOČKU

88%
Javorská A.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2012
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vol. 67
|
issue 5
398 – 408
EN
The paper sheds light on the fundamental motifs of J. Patocka’s critical adopting of Husserl and Heidegger. It tries to answer the question: What is the distinctive trait of Patocka’s unveiling the dynamics of human existence? In Patocka’s work the history and the historicity of Dasein are discussed in the context of the experience of drifting, which makes the relatedness to the whole of the world as well as the change of the perspectives possible. Patocka’s philosophy of history is based on the fundamental turn in a person’s life oriented on the life in truth, freedom and responsibility. The turn takes place both on individual and social levels.
20

EXISTENCIA, SUBJEKTIVITA, ETIKA. REFLEXIA KIERKEGAARDA V NEMECKEJ A FRANCÚZSKEJ FENOMENOLÓGII

75%
Šajda P.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2020
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vol. 75
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issue 5
372 – 385
EN
The paper represents a contribution to a broader discussion of the relation between the phenomenological and the existential tradition. It explores the reception of Kierkegaard’s philosophy in the writings of three phenomenological authors: M. Heidegger, E. Levinas and M. Henry. Their Kierkegaard reception is the most intensive among phenomenological thinkers and focuses largely on the issues of existence and subjectivity and their ethical-religious dimension. I analyse the main motifs of this reception and point out the overlaps, contradictions and tensions between the different interpretations of Kierkegaard’s ideas. I also suggest potential topics for future research.
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