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1

PAUL RICOEUR (1913 - 2005)

100%
Sivák J.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2006
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vol. 61
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issue 1
30 - 45
EN
The paper gives an overview of the life and work of a world-known French philosopher, written on the occasion of his recent death. Ricour was a follower of the traditions of existentialism and personalism. Later he accepted the phenomenological method which he applied first on the acts of will and later also on the acts of apprehension and speech. This leads phenomenology as far as to hermeneutics. Only a man or woman of parts, who were forgiven, are really acting persons. The phenomenology of a guilty person becomes the phenomenology of a person in parts, culminating in the ontology of action which is the core of Ricoeur's philosophy of life and his personal engagement.
2

THE BURNT-OUT MIROR. ON THE FACELESSNESS OF VACLAV HEJNA'S 'MEN AT THE TABLE'

100%
Tesan H.
Umění (Art)
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2007
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vol. 55
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issue 2
133-144
EN
Vaclav Hejna made hundreds of sketches dealing with the theme of Man at the Table. He depicted the large-handed, slouched figure several times, in 'Cekarna dr. Schauera' (Dr. Schauer's Waiting Room, at the National Gallery in Prague), and yet again, incessantly in other paintings from 1933-1939. This series of works still now has been interpreted in the literature as a symptom of the economic and political depression that beleaguered Czechoslovakia between World War One and World War Two. From a constricted visual angle, Hejna has been considered as an artist with the usual social leanings. For this reason, the particular subversive possibilities of his early work originating in his painterly gestures have not been duly recognised. The following contribution centres on Hejna's expressive, impastoed figural paintings of the 1930s taken within a wider context. At the heart of these cultural-historical considerations is the theme of the mirror. Basic questions are raised regarding the relationship between the appropriation of reality and art. In Hejna's work, the motif of the smeared-out, scraped-off face appears often. On one hand, it is anchored in the rhetoric of Modernism, which extends from Balzac's The Unkown Masterpiece to the aggressive over-painting of Arnulf Rainer. At the same time, Hejna's disquieting, dehumanised depiction of figures reveals a critical distance from the entrenched culture of the avant-garde, from the culture of so-called 'Classical Modernism' generally and particularly from the long-enduring culture of Cubism in Prague. It emerges that Hejna's unmistakable painterly vocabulary was developed independently and in a congenial relationship with the philosophical trend of existentialism in France. While the black oval of a head represents a loss of faith in any human cultural form, the rough painting of Hejna's pre-1939 work may be considered a harbinger of Art Brut and L'art informel.
3

PROLEGOMÉNA K VÝSKUMU EXISTENCIÁLNEJ LITERATÚRY

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Domorák D.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
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2016
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vol. 63
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issue 3
215 – 221
EN
The goal of the paper is to outline and comment on the basic features of the semantic field of the existential discourse, especially its key concepts, i.e. existential literature on the one hand and Existentialism on the other hand. The paper offers the text that presents the overview research into existential phenomena focused on the world and Czech contexts, however, not only in the area of literary science, but also in the wider area, mostly the philosophical one. The research into the theoretical practice of existential thinking has in the long term run been showing inconsistency, even vagueness in the use of the terminology of the existential discourse as the same terms often have had various meanings. With regard to the standard frameworks applied to thinking about Existentialism, the outcome of the paper lies in showing the varied approach to the term Existentialism, or a complete abandonment to favour the term as the key term of the existential discourse. The same applies to literary science as well as philosophy, while the theory and history of philosophy have been trying to grasp the existential phenomena in a more appropriate way independent of the traditional understanding preferring Existentialism as defined mainly by J.-P. Sartre. In the context of literary science the outcomes of the paper can only prove useful after the new existential discourses seen in a wider sense have been applied to particular literary practice, e.g. Slovak literature of the 20th century.
4

Gombrowicz i filozofia. Uwagi do koncepcji sztuki pisarza

100%
Czakon D.
Kwartalnik Filozoficzny
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2015
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vol. 43
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issue 1
133-152
EN
This article is an introduction to the ideas about art and philosophy found in the thought of Witold Gombrowicz. The author describes Gombrowicz’s views, referring primarily to his Diaries and to Interviews with Dominique de Roux and Piero Sanavio. The article consists of four parts, which include depictions of Gombrowicz’s attitude to philosophy, his criticism of existentialism, and his reflections on pain.
5

METACOGNITION’S POTENTIAL FOR EXISTENTIALISM IN CLASSROOMS

100%
Ozturk N.
Pedagogický časopis (Journal of Pedagogy)
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2023
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vol. 14
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issue 2
123 – 141
EN
The instrumentality and standardization of education may be important for functioning in contemporary societies. However, reducing education to measurable competencies may result in the loss of human value. Indeed, education becomes real when it relates to the reality of individuals. Existentialist education focuses on students’ freedom and agency; however, it is criticized for not having coherent and convincing educational guides. This analytical comparison paper argues that the premises of Existentialism and the components of metacognition may interact. While metacognitive awareness and thinking for essence lays the ground for individuality and autonomy, metacognitive knowledge relates to self-knowledge and not accepting ready-made concepts through self-questioning and dialogic encounters. Also, metacognitive experiences might mimic existential crises where individuals engage in highly conscious thinking during which metacognitive knowledge and regulation simultaneously help the individual deal with failure or anxiety. During such experiences, metacognitive regulation might facilitate individuals’ free choices and responsible engagement when building the self or handling difficulties. In this sense, enhancing metacognition may help individuals’ transition to the existing phase by building adequate self-knowledge and regulating thinking. This paper, finally, describes a set of pedagogies for fostering metacognition that could potentially facilitate existential attitudes or behaviours in mainstream classrooms.
6

PROBES AND MORALITIES (Ján Johanides: 'Sukromie')

100%
Matejovic P.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
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2005
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vol. 52
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issue 2
81-94
EN
The study 'Probes and Moralities' is an interpretation of the collection of novelettes called 'Sukromie' (The Privacy) written by Johanides. It was published in 1963. The same way as the novel 'Narcis' (Narcissus) written by Sloboda it belongs to the most discussed books in the 60th. The book of Johanides became in the scene of contemporary relations (political changes after 1956, giving up of the canon of the Socialist Realism of the 50th ), an symptomatic and representative opus. There are opinions, new aesthetic and philosophical concepts popular in new generation of prose authors; they try to express them through an individual creative gesture. Many critics try to make connections between these literary works and modern philosophical and literary trends (mainly with Existentialism and French new novel). From the point of form and genre Johanides does experiments with the plot and narrative strategies, he creates variants of the narrator's position and he models a literary space and time. His interpretations are rooted in the theoretical concepts of P. Ricoeur, M. Bachtin, J. Derrida, D. Hodrová and N. Krausová. In the end of his study the author states that there is a dominant thematically ideological line over the formally stylistic variety of the prose of Johanides, which carries moral and psychological core.
7

Sartre: 'The Madman Tells the Truth'

100%
Jacorzynski W.
Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria
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2005
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vol. 14
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issue 4(56)
251-264
EN
This essay tries to justify the claim that the problem of madness is crucial for existentialist philosophy of J.-P. Sartre. Two sorts of arguments are given. First, Sartre worked out a theory of emotions propounding that some sane feelings may be deeply inimical to the world we live in. The mental state of a madman need not be seen as a sign of of his insanity but, instead, may be an indication of his deep but disapproving insight into the nature of being. Secondly, the madman is in most cases an alienated and lone individual who is doomed to struggle with society as well as with his own 'etre-en-soi'. In this respect, he paralells an existentialist who is capable of rising above his indifference and bad faith to take full responsibility for whatever he/she will or will not do.
8

Transmutations of the Selbst. Mysticism, Luther and Existentialism

100%
Piorczynski J.
Przegląd Filozoficzno-Literacki
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2007
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vol. 6
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issue 3-4(18)
449-468
EN
According to the German mysticism, initiated by Master Eckhart, the self (Selbst, or Selbstheit) is integrated by the power of his will and makes a mystical union with other entities possible. Master Eckhart was not able, however, to construct a theory of mystical union between the soul and God for several reasons. First, according to the pantheistic formulation of Eckhart's philosophy God is in the soul and acts through the soul, and thus God cannot be additionally integrated with the soul. Secondly, again typically for the pantheistic perspective, Eckhart holds that the soul may perish, and nothing can mystically unite with what is nothingness. Thirdly, the finitude of the human existence puts man outside the absolute. Mysticism seems therefore pointless or futile. This situation changes completely with Martin Luther who proclaimed the fundamental impossibility of transformation of human existence and puts man entirely at God's mercy. This picture is further modified by existentialism, which holds that the human self, as shown in the writings of Frederic Jacobi, can be considered the ultimate, if not absolute, reality.
9

FILOZOFIA AKO ŽIVOTNÝ PROGRAM. NAD KNIHOU SARAH BAKEWELLOVEJ V EXISTENCIALISTICKÉ KAVÁRNĚ

100%
Sedová T.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2020
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vol. 75
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issue 4
324 – 330
EN
The essay deals with existential phenomenology, focusing on question its nowadays importance especially regarding freedom and authenticity in current society. The author describes development of existentialism on the background and with respect to the book At the Existentialist Cafe by S. Bakewell, and states that there is increasing interest in what existential phenomenology means todays.
10

Ekzystentsiinyi povorot u suchasnii sotsiolohii

88%
Melnikov A.
Sotsiolohiia: teoriia, metody, marketyng (Sociology: Theory, Methods, Marketing)
|
2011
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issue 2
160-177
EN
The author considers peculiarities of the “existential turning-point in sociology”, and in this connection he presents a conception of existential sociology of Belgian Scientist Marcel Boll de Ball stated in a form of the interview. Main principles of Boll de Ball’s existential sociology are discussed: existential sociology as the fundamental theory; “reliance” as the central notion (conception); study-action as a fundamental method of research; “socio-analysis” as the fundamental practice for sociologists; pluralism of models in sociology; clinical and applied sociology as a promising field of investigation, actions and teaching. Besides, general scientific problems of sociologic existentialism are distinguished which can become a reference-point for further empirical and applied investigations. Birth and bioethics, vital development, love as a social phenomenon, etc. In conclusion it is noticed that M. Boll de Bal’s existential sociology may become one of the key elements of the system unification of separate trends of existential-sociological thought.
11
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Jogar a vida com a morte em A Noite e o Riso de Nuno Braganca, Alegria Breve de Vergilio Ferreira e O Sétimo Selo de Ingmar Bergman

88%
Ribeirete J.
Studia Iberystyczne
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2010
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vol. 9
251-263
EN
With this essay I intend to explore the influence of Ingmar Bergman’s cinema on the Portuguese novel from the sixties and seventies. It will be of interest to confront The Seventh Seal (1956), by Ingmar Bergman, a film that premiered in Lisbon in 1963, with two Portuguese novels that appeared some years later: A Noite e o Riso (1969), by Nuno Braganca, and Alegria Breve (1965), by Vergilio Ferreira, since all these texts (cinematic and literary) deal with a metaphysics of death. Both Portuguese writers use on their novels the chess-playing motif (the medieval knight plays chess with Death in Bergman’s film) and both protagonists, when faced with death, play chess with some other secondary character (Jaime plays chess with Padre Marques, in Alegria Breve; the narrator from A Noite e o Riso, after being transformed into just another character creating this way the necessary distance to write and tell the trauma of Zana’s death, plays with a teenager – Freitas – in a chess tournament). What follows is a comparative approach and a close reading of all these texts dealing with the chess-playing motif, a representation on a microcosmic level of the existential questions at stake.
12
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KIERKEGAARDOV KONCEPT OPAKOVANIA V INSCENÁCII BANALITA LÁSKY

88%
Gabašová K.
Slovenské divadlo (Slovak Theatre)
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2020
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vol. 68
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issue 2
163 – 175
EN
The study is devoted to depicting recollection in a selected production Banalita lásky (The Banality of Love, Andrej Bagar Theatre, 2019). It broadens out the scope of interpretation by elucidating Søren Kierkegaard’s concept of repetition, which in his works is a key religious category of transcendence. Kierkegaard considered repetition as a temporal movement of existence and also an important tool of becoming human self in terms of freedom and personal identity. The main intention is to shed light on the difference between the concepts of recollection and repetition. The question at issue is whether or not Kierkegaard’s repetition is present according to the recollection of the past romance between the main characters Hannah Arendt and Martin Heidegger. The experience of recollection is different from repetition in relation to how an individual lives. The possibility of repetition rests with the subject and not with the caprices of external conditions. To conclude, it is suggested that Kierkegaard’s concept of repetition is highly relevant and present in Arendt’s character and her attitude to her past and present life with respect to its complexity. The author reflects on the distinction between recollection and repetition, which can provide a hermeneutic key to understanding the main theme of the selected production.
13
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FILOZOFIA SPOMIENOK. K FILOZOFICKEJ A LITERÁNEJ METODOLÓGII STRAUSSOVHO DIELA ČLOVEK PRE NIKOHO

88%
Pružinec T.
Konštantínove listy
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2022
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vol. 15
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issue 1
149 - 160
EN
This paper reflects the philosophical and literary message of the book Človek pre nikoho [Man for Nobody] by Pavol Strauss. It aims at decoding and understanding the methodological paradigm that pertains to the analysed book. It studies the methodological basis of Strauss’s essays and – at the same time – it explores the connection between philosophical reflection and literary approach. The gradual revelation of the philosophical method and literary approach takes place through the probes into the essayistic production of the author. The article examines the philosophical path of Strauss’s way of thinking and tries to understand his philosophy from the point of view of the premise “What a man, such a philosophy”. The article focuses on two categories: man and the universe. It looks for meaning in them and tries to understand their connection. The main interpretation mechanism is the category of existence.
14
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Filozofia egzytencjalna Alberta Camusa

88%
Błaszczyk T.
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia
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2012
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issue 6
167-183
PL
The article describes the most important problems of philosophy of Albert Camus: life as the experience of absurdity, and rebellion as a human reaction to it. It also depicts the relations between that postulates and explains Camus’s ways of reasoning and argumentation. Furthermore, the article shows Camus’s answers to the basic philosophical questions. It proves that the Nobel prize winner was not only a writer, but a philosopher and an existentialist as well.  
15

THEODOR W. ADORNO: DVE TVÁRE KIERKEGAARDA AKO KRITIKA SPOLOČNOSTI

88%
Šajda P.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2010
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vol. 65
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issue 9
821-832
EN
T. W. Adorno deals with Kierkegaard intellectual legacy in tens of his works, which were being published in the course of more than three decades. One of his main concerns is rather ambiguous: depicting Kierkegaard as a critique of the society of that time. Adorno examines Kierkegaard's social and political sensibility, as well as his theory of inwardness, and his idea of non-purpose, inter-subjective relationships. He points out to the devastating effects of conforming Kierkegaard's legacy to the principles of existentialist philosophy. Kierkegaard's views are also evaluated on the background of contemporary deficiencies of Western society, such as ethnocentrism or anti-Semitism.
16

Sartre's Existentialism versus Thomist Existentialism

88%
Boguslawski M.
Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria
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2005
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vol. 14
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issue 4(56)
231-250
EN
The postmodern period is not favorable to development of metaphysical thought. But this, paradoxically, makes it easier to return to metaphysical systems of the past, and to submit them to new, perhaps more thoroughgoing scrutiny. This essay juxtaposes phenomenological existentialism of J.-P. Sartre with existentialism inspired by Saint Thomas. The author argues that in spite of numerous, and as a rule rather superficial, interpretations the differences between these two philosophical systems are not insurmountable. He highlights underlying similarities between the two points of view and subsequently focuses on general assumptions of all kinds of Western metaphysics
17

LITERÁRNA POLEMIKA HAMADA – MINÁČ A JEJ DOBOVÝ CONTEXT

75%
Bílik R.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
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2013
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vol. 60
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issue 5
371 – 385
EN
The presented article reconstructs the literary polemic between the writer and essayist V. Mináč and the literary critic M. Hamada which took place in the liberal environment of the first half of the 1960s in Slovakia and became emblematic of that period of time. The author pays attention to its impact as well as the events and the writings preceding it. The central subject of the polemic was the category of the estrangement in the context of various interpretations of Marxist philosophy. It helps identify also the political and cultural processes forming the intellectual climate of the 1960s. On the one hand it became a part of the wide-ranging social discussion about the critical „acknowledgement“ of the Stalinism´s legacy, which continued until its violent interruption by Normalization after 1968, on the other hand, it made space for new ideological, philosophical and aesthetical initiatives. However, the polemic also raised the other issues, which have reached beyond the context of the period of time in question and are permanently present in the current discussions about finding alternatives to technological rationality and other strategies of the „Post-Modern“ power (Foucault, Derrida, Deleuze, Bauman, Žižek).
18

DVOJITÁ IDENTITA VOJNOVEJ SKÚSENOSTI. ROZOSTUP AUTORA A SUBJEKTU V SLOVENSKEJ POVOJNOVEJ PRÓZE (LEOPOLD LAHOLA A JOŽKO LÁNIK)

75%
Paštéková J.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
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2016
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vol. 63
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issue 3
165 – 178
EN
The goal of the paper is to explain the rupture in the line of Slovak war prose between the year 1945 and February 1948, when Socialist Realism was pronounced the only method of artistic production. The prospects of ´brighter tomorrows´ cast black light back on the existential/existentialist line. The methodical assumption is the comparative analysis of several writers´ productions, while Leopold Lahola is seen as the key one. His prose is interpreted here in the context of the work of contemporary Jewish writers as well as non-Jewish authors such as the Italian Cesare Pavese. At the same time the study specifies theoretically the changes of accents of configurations of the author and the self within the pluralistic poetics of the 1940s. It is supported by several layers of Slovak reception of philosophical Existentialism. The period of liberalisation of the 1960s revived the interest in this movement. The key concept of ´situation´ was still (or again) seen at the end of the decade as artificial, too theoretical (Viliam Marčok). Also, existential referentiality was considered to be ideologically shaky. This card had to be reckoned with and it was by Jozef Felix who, when trying to legitimize the work of “foreign” Lahola, claimed it was due to the anxiety resulting from the cruel war experience and he distanced it (more Lahola himself) from Existentialism. The choice of double identity of assumptions made it possible. In order to verify the reliability of this statement, the author of the paper compared Lahola´s work with both the parallel line of documentary prose (Alfréd Wetzler) and Cesare Pavese´s existential diary records of his life. One of them became the motto of Lahola´s collection of short stories Posledná vec/The Last Thing. Several poet-logical and ideological parallels between Lahola and Pavese´s work have been identified.
19

Obligation and Existence - Principles of Ethics

75%
Rosinski T.
Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria
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2005
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vol. 14
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issue 4(56)
275-288
EN
Existentialists were commonly accused of spreading pessimism and nihilism. Those accusations were unjustified and harmful, says the author. They also betray a misunderstanding on the part of the critics. Sartre did not attempt to abolish ethics, but he undertook to create one that would not be constrained by structures of naturalism and supra-naturalism. Human obligations could neither be found in an empirical study of nature, nor in metaphysics, he thought. Our obligations do not arise from our human condition any more than from some theoretical preconceptions about supreme, absolute values. Human ethics can only be grounded in transcendental ontology, said Sartre, as a human response to the world that is susceptible to evaluation but contains no values in itself. It is out task to endow it with meanings.
20
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Ježíš Kristus – nové bytí člověka. Christologie Paula Tillicha v jeho „Systematic Theology“

63%
Janšta V.
Studia theologica
|
2009
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vol. 11
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issue 2
35-49
EN
The article presents the Christology of Paul Tillich in his Systematic Theology with the aim of explaining his theological conception in relation to orthodoxy. In the first part of the article, there are sketched the main events of Tillich's life. In the second part, the reader is informed about 'Systematic Theology' in general. In the third part the author of this article follows the Tillich's work on some basic themes of Christology. He finds that Tillich takes an adoptianistic conception of Jesus as the Christ who is made capable by God of becoming the New Being and who is accepted by disciples in this way. Although various important implications of the revelatory and redemptive signification of the Christ's divine nature are absent his Christology shows many prophetic accents and intuitions which were successfully developed in theology later.
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