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1

INDEXICKÉ VÝRAZY A KONTEXTOVÁ CITLIVOSŤ

100%
Zouhar M.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
|
2013
|
vol. 20
|
issue suppl. 1
206 – 222
EN
According to H. Cappelen and E. Lepore, all context-sensitive expressions belong to the so-called Basic Set comprising indexicals and contextuals. This claim is supposed to be justified by certain tests. The paper deals with one of them, namely the test based on inter-contextual disquotational indirect reports. It is claimed that, contrary to appearances, it is not capable to qualify all indexical expressions as context-sensitive. A new version of the test proposed in the present paper removes this drawback. It leads to the consequence, however, that there are context-sensitive expressions that do not belong to the original Basic Set.
2

On the Demonstrative Use of Expressions

88%
Ciecierski T.
Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria
|
2005
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vol. 14
|
issue 1(53)
153-173
EN
Clear understanding of the demonstrative use of expressions, the author argues, is a complicated philosophical task. We have to decide whether relevant contextual factors that determine semantic values of demonstratively used expressions are: (i) speaker's intentions; (ii) speaker's pointings; (ii) teller-hearer attention. Arguments supporting (ii) are given - e.g. the author thinks that there are mistakes in arguments favouring intentions over pointings and that the careful analysis of the notion of intending shows that typical causes of pointings are treated as having property of influencing semantic values of expressions. However, since this last feature can be properly predicated of pointings themselves, proponent of (i) confuses intentions with effects of expressing them.
3
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Pogoda jako domena źródłowa wyrażeń metaforycznych oznaczających obecność lub brak problemów w języku angielskim

88%
Żołnowska I.
Avant
|
2011
|
vol. 2
|
issue 1
151-163 (en: 165-179)
EN
The structure of everyday communication reflects metaphorical thinking. People speak about the presence or absence of problems in terms of weather. Problems appear in every¬day life and so does the weather topic. Bad weather often evokes sadness, therefore it can be to said to constitute a problem; similarly, good weather is often equated with cheerful mood. Thus, in view of the above analysis, weather can be seen as an im¬portant experiential basis for conceptual metaphors.
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