The article considers the problem of defining the stylistic peculiarities of the folklore text. As criteria for objective investigation of the problem the author suggests to apply the functional approach, presupposing the study of any kind of text in two inseparable aspects - textual and extralinguistic. In accordance with this approach he distinguishes the following basic extralinguistic factors revealed in the folklore text: folklore thinking, character of the folklore communication and collective authorship, which together determine specific character of the folklore communicative act participants - speech subject and addressee. The author focuses on the predominating features of the folklore thinking, which determine the unity of the generalizing method in folklore within which complex semantic structure of the folklore word is organized as well as a specific type of depiction - literary-generalizing. Influence of the folklore communication is performed in natural ways and can be characterized by continuity and synchronizing the acts of performance and perception; heterogenic character, activity of both participants. The consequences of it are examined by the author as literary syncretism of the folklore text, the evidence of the author- communicational text features, hypertext structure as well as peculiarities of realizing the phenomena of subject and address. Analyzing extralinguistic factors he comes to conclusion of granting the folklore speech the status of stylistic variety of literary speech with its own specific features.
The article reviews the correlation between the discourse theory and the theory of functional stylistics. Based on the similarity of the most important methodological principles of these linguistic directions, the authoress suggests to integrate them in the framework of the discourse and stylistic approach. This approach is applied to scientific texts. The discourse component of this approach allows to identify extralinguistic factors of scientific communication; the stylistic component allows to discover the linguistic devices that represent the standard content of a scientific paper. She develops the concept of epistemic situation and considers the latter to be discourse metamodel of a scientific texts, which determines its stylistic peculiarity. The structure of epistemic situation is described with regard to the four interconnected aspects of cognitive activity: ontological, methodological, reflective, communicative-pragmatic. The authoress reveals the content of each aspects and analyses their influence on the sense structure of a scientific text. She considers the subtext to be a structural element of the text and describes the primary subtexts: the subtext of a new and old knowledge, the subtext of evaluation, the subtext of recipient and the author, etc.
The global political and economic changes over the past 15 years have had negative consequences on the development of many academic sciences. Linguistics, like many other humanities disciplines, faces many problems in the changed world and tries to accommodate itself to the realities of today. Solving the existing problems seems to be impossible without taking into consideration the experience gained by many linguistic schools.In this connection the experience of the Moscow linguistic school is one of the most valuable. The linguistic science here flourished under different political regimes and in different economic situations. This linguistic school was created by Filip Fedorovich Fortunatov (1848-1914). Its appearance and development in many aspects is connected with the appearance and development of Baltic linguistics. The article briefly reviews the contribution made by F. F. Fortunatov and his school to different aspects of Baltic linguistics. The analysis of their works shows that many scientific principles of this school have been elaborated and formulated on the ground of investigations into, primarily, Baltic languages, especially Lithuanian. Another reason for the success of this school can be connected with its interdisciplinary activities and some extralinguistic factors. F. F. Fortunatov and his fellows were able to create a flourishing atmosphere of investigations aimed at cooperation with different scholars irrespective of their nationality, religion, and personal convictions. The Moscow linguistic school is also famous for introducing ethical principles into academic activities. In this connection the further study of its different and unique experience seems to be especially important at the present time.
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