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VERBAL AND SPATIAL MEMORY WORKLOAD CHANGES SACCADIC REACTION TIMES (Obciazenie pamieci werbalnej i przestrzennej zmienia charakterystyke czasowa skokowych ruchow oka)

100%
Tarnowski A.
Psychologia-Etologia-Genetyka
|
2009
|
vol. 19
15-32
EN
Understanding of visual perception requires explanation of the interactive functioning of working memory and visual selection system, especially problem of common attentional resources involved in both of them (Mitchell et al. 2002). The review of theories of saccade generation and working memory supplied a hypotheses concerning existence of common resources, and rules of its distribution. In experiments, saccadic reaction times (SRT) were investigated as a function of increasing verbal and spatial working memory workload. In first experiment linear decreasing of SRTs has been demonstrated, in second investigation increasing SRTs as an effect of growing memory workload has been observed. The data has been interpreted in terms of automation and control of eye movements. When verbal memory workload biased central executive eye movements became more automated and faster. In second experiment both tasks used common structure- spatial sketch pad- what explains prolongation of SRTs.
2

VISUAL ATTENTION TO HEALTH WARNINGS IN TOBACCO ADVERTISEMENTS: AN EYE-TRACKING RESEARCH BETWEEN SMOKERS AND NON-SMOKERS

88%
Crespo A., Cabestrero R., Grzib G., Quiros P.
Studia Psychologica
|
2007
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vol. 49
|
issue 1
39-51
EN
Using a physiological eye-tracking approach, previous research has suggested that novel health warnings inserted in tobacco ads capture visual attention better than mandated ones. Nonetheless, no up-to-date studies have analyzed the eye movement behavior between smokers and non-smokers to examine the presence of attentive biases towards the warnings. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of new text-only warning labels in capturing and holding visual attention, taking into account the presence or absence of smoking habit (smokers vs. non-smokers). Three versions of an ad were used: version 1 was the original ad including the mandated warning message, and versions 2 and 3 were modifications of the original message. A sample of 132 Spanish participants (50% smokers and 50% non-smokers) freely explored one version of the ad while eye movements were recorded. Eye tracking was used as an index of the attentive deployment towards the health message. Immediately after ads presentation, the participants also completed a masked memory task. The results indicated a better recall of the original version of the warning than newer ones. Moreover, contrary to the previous research, the eye movement data showed that new warnings inserted in tobacco ads were neither more quickly attended than mandated message nor cognitively processed to a greater extent. Finally, our results did not reveal the presence of attentive biases for the warning labels embedded in the ad, suggesting that the time spent looking at the warning message, as well as the ability to remember it, appear to be identical for the smokers and non-smokers. Overall, our research offers some significant implications for the development of tobacco advertising policies.
3

MODE OF TEXT PRESENTATION AND ITS INFLUENCE ON READING EFFICIENCY: SCROLLING VERSUS PAGINATION

75%
Wieczorek A. M., Kłyszejko Z., Sarzyńska J., Szóstek A., Chmiel K., Soluch T., Brzezicka A.
Studia Psychologica
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2014
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vol. 56
|
issue 4
309 – 321
EN
In the last decades, the Internet has developed into a proliferating and flourishing source of information. This phenomenon requires complex pieces of writing to be presented in a way that expedites their efficient processing. This paper presents an experiment studying how text presentation affects reading efficiency and text recall. We compared different types of text presentations - scrolling and text pagination with and without callouts. A word recognition task was used to assess the recognition of a presented text. Discrepancies in reading efficiency were apparent in the results obtained from the eye tracking data; namely, we noted that scrolling is more demanding than reading paginated text in terms of the processing time. Our findings provide support for claims of more efficient processing of paginated texts. Such text presentation appears to have a strong influence on cognition that should be taken into account by designers whenever visualizing complex texts online.
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