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EN
The accession of the Visegrad Group (V4) countries into the European Union was a significant impulse for further changes in those countries; these changes had already been initiated at the beginning of the 1990s, whereas the first years of the membership allowed for the creation of relatively solid and stable foundations for their further development. This paper is an attempt to compare Poland's change of economic situation and that of the other three V4 countries in the postaccession period and to define the most important factors which determine these economic situations. A hypothesis has been made that Poland is among those V4 countries where the effects of the membership have been most diversified. Because of the limitations of the size of the publication, the analysis has been based on the most important indicators characterising the economic situation of the examined countries in 2004-2014. The most important conclusions resulting from this analysis are presented in the conclusions of this paper.(original abstract)
EN
In the volatility of economic development as in any other phenomenon, a regular component and an incidental component can be distinguished. The former consolidates main factors while the latter is related to random factors. It can be achieved by constructing a precise model, where the random factor isn't statistically significant. The economic development was described by means of model ARMA(1,1). Subsequently, model AARCH(3,2) was used to characterize all kinds of variations. The components of this model were examined and attention was paid to any delays which occur in the creation of the trend and amplitude.
EN
Knowledge is the most valuable resource in the twenty-first century economy which determines the economy development. The importance of natural resources and low-skilled labor decreases, while the role of human capital increases. The economies of highly developed countries are based on the growing resources of educated people with creative and innovative skills, which is a necessary condition for technological, economic and social progress. In order to show the relationship between education and economic development the article discusses: the old and new development paradigms, the fields of educational effects, the state of education in Poland and on that basis certain conclusions are drawn for Poland.
PL
Zasadniczym celem pracy jest przeanalizowanie roli futbolu w polskiej gospodarce, zwracając szczególną uwagę na rodzaj i siłę czynników, które determinują istnienie związków między piłką nożną a gospodarką. Przeanalizowana literatura przedmiotu oraz przyjęty cel badawczy pozwoliły przyjąć następującą hipotezę badawczą: "We współczesnych czasach piłka nożna ma niewielkie znaczenie w gospodarce Polski". Źródłem danych będzie raport Ekstraklasa piłkarskiego biznesu 2013, opracowany przez firmę EY oraz dane Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego w Warszawie.(fragment tekstu)
EN
This paper aims to examine the problem of importance of football in the Polish economy. Theoretical part of the paper will describe specific characteristics of sports market and present features of the products offered by football clubs. The empirical part will concern the percentage participation of cumulated budgets of football clubs in relation to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Poland in the years 2009-2012. Source of data is report "Ekstraklasa Piłkarskiego Biznesu ", prepared by EY and information provided by the Central Statistical Office of Poland. Author is a graduate of Applied Computer Science at the Jagiellonian University and Economics at the Cracow University of Economics. The article is a continuation of his research of the football economy. After thesis related to sports marketing author is preparing a publication of commercial exploitation of Polish stadiums after UEFA EURO 2012. (original abstract)
PL
Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie problematyki wsparcia rozwoju gospodarczego państwa przez polityką kursową, ukierunkowaną na osłabienie krajowej waluty. W szczególności poszukiwano odpowiedzi na następujące pytania: - Czym jest wojna walutowa i czy określenie to może być utożsamiane z kryzysem walutowym? - Jakie są historyczne przykłady wojen walutowych? - Czy istnieją podstawy do określania występujących współcześnie wydarzeń jako wojny walutowe? - Jakie wnioski wynikają z polityki kursowej prowadzonej po kryzysie 2007-2008? Odpowiedź na postawione pytania jest oparta na analizie literaturowej oraz analizie przypadków - wydarzeń, towarzyszących polityce konkurencyjnej dewaluacji walut, stosowanej w wybranych gospodarkach. Określenie wojny walutowe używane jest w tekście za przykładem literatury przedmiotu, mimo obaw autora przed zarzutem, że jest to potoczna terminologia.(fragment tekstu)
EN
The currency devaluation policy, implemented by developed countries after the last crisis, causes many negative consequences. It is defined as currency wars, with reference to similar situations in the twentieth century. The article describes the impact of currency devaluation that took place in recent years on the situation of the word economy. This policy may be beneficial if it takes into account the needs of all countries.(original abstract)
PL
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zaprezentowanie analizy wzajemnych oddziaływań rozwoju gospodarczego wybranych państw Unii Europejskiej. Analiza wykonana zostanie na podstawie wielorównaniowego modelu rozwoju gospodarczego Polski oraz Niemiec. Przedstawioną analizę korelacji wykorzystano w celu zbadania istotności występowania efektu zarażania w dynamice równolegle realizowanych szeregów czasowych rozwoju gospodarczego.
EN
The study examines the development of Polish economy as well as the economies of selected countries in the period from 2003 to 2013. Models based on the GDP growth in particular countries were built. A comparative analysis of the development of economies in the countries concerned (the United Kingdom, Belgium, France, Poland, the Netherlands, Germany) is presented. A multivariate GARCH model was built. The theory of the construction of a multivariate GARCH model and its estimation method are discussed. The occurrence of a contagion effect can be analysed by means of various methods, both mathematical and econometric. Analysis can also be carried out taking into account the multivariate GARCH models.
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