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Jednym z przejawów globalizacji może być zacieranie różnic w przebiegu cykli koniunkturalnych obserwowanych w rozwiniętej gospodarce rynkowej. Zjawisko określane mianem synchronizacji odnosi się nie tylko do zmian aktywności gospodarczej, lecz obejmuje swym zasięgiem także inne wielkości makroekonomiczne. W niniejszym opracowaniu przedstawiono wyniki analiz, których przedmiotem były zależności pojawiające się pomiędzy oscylacjami koniunkturalnymi i zmianami konsumpcji oraz inwestycjami. (abstrakt oryginalny)
EN
Business fluctuations in chosen developed economic systems were described by means of cyclical deviations from stochastic trend of real Gross Domestic Product. Analogous methodology was applied to consumption and investment. Obtained time series were exposed to the spectral analysis. The results make it possible to state that business cycles in observed countries (Australia, Canada, France, Italy, Japan, UK, USA) were significantly synchronized, because their harmonic structures were similar. Additionally one can say that spectrums of real GDP and investment were more convergent than spectrums of real GDP and consumption. (original abstract)
EN
Systemic transformation, international economic integration and globalisation have been, without doubt, the most important socio-economic processes of the last decades. These processes have a huge impact on the economies of individual countries, as well as the contemporary system of the world economy. The subsystems of the world economy are also changing. The subject of discussion in this paper is to show their impact on changes and the emergence of new subsystems of the world economy. These considerations are preceded by a short presentation of the system and subsystems of the world economy, and a discussion of subsystems of the world economy in the past. At the end, conclusions drawn from the study are included.(original abstract)
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EN
The globalization in the contemporary global economy is a fact. There are many enthusiasts and critics of that process, what caused that it is hard to dispel indisputably all doubts refer to the globalization. Strategies carried out by transnational corporations usually do not correspond to the interests of host economies. Moreover, transnational character of production does not guarantee that disparities between developed and developing economies will be eliminated or even reduced. It seems that participation in globalization process requires incurring particular economic costs. However, an ability to profit from the globalization, while minimizing its negative effects, is expected to play an important role in the development of contemporary economies.
EN
The aim of this paper is to discuss the possible ways how financial market segments of a global character may develop in a long-term horizon. Part 1 deals with the actual process of globalization and its impact on financial markets. Part 2 gives a survey of differing views on global financial markets as a new phenomenon. Part 3 deals with selected aspects of measurement of globalization processes. The paper has been prepared as part of a project financed by the funds for specific university research. Project name: Regulation of the financial market infrastructure - goals, possibilities, and potential impact - Vysoká škola finanční a správní, o.p.s. (University of Finance and Administration). Project number: 7427.
FR
L’évolution du processus de globalisation sans précédent, le niveau élevé des technologies d’information et de communication ainsi que l’impact persistant de la crise créent un milieu économique de plus en plus incertain et perturbé auquel les entreprises doivent s’adapter rapidement et efficacement. L’économie de la connaissance est considérée depuis plusieurs années comme facteur-clé de la compétitivité des Etats, des régions et des entreprises. De nos jours, selon certains, elle représente un moyen de surmonter les effets de la crise. Cependant, le fond de la notion indiquant l’économie de la connaissance ou l’économie du savoir n’est pas clairement défini et les auteurs perçoivent différemment ce qu’elle contient effectivement. Quelles connaissances sont essentielles pour une modification nécessaire du raisonnement économique des individus qui permettrait un redémarrage des entreprises et par conséquent une reprise de l’économie plus dans le sens du développement que de la croissance? Notre communication représente une recherche de réponses qui différent en fonction des approches théoriques concernant l’évolution de l’économie et de la société en général
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