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WPŁYW ZRÓWNANIA WIEKU EMERYTALNEGO KOBIET I MĘŻCZYZN NA ZRÓWNANIE DOCELOWYCH EMERYTUR

100%
Wojanowska J.
Zeszyt Naukowy Wyższej Szkoły Zarządzania i Bankowości w Krakowie
|
2013
|
issue 29
51-60
PL
Dotychczasowy system emerytalny w Polsce opierał się na modelu stworzonym w XIX wieku przez Kanclerza Niemiec Otto Bismarcka. Przed drugą wojną światową wprowadzono go w większości krajów europejskich. Jednakże system, który funkcjonował w Polsce jeszcze ok. 100 lat później w znacznym stopniu stał się rozbieżny pierwowzorem. Był to tzw. repartycyjny publiczny system emerytalny, oparty na obowiązkowym ubezpieczeniu, mający charakter umowy międzypokoleniowej ‘pay as you go’ (PAYG). Świadczenia wypłacane są w nim ze składek osób pracujących, które po osiągnięciu wieku emerytalnego będą otrzymywać pieniądze od następnych pokoleń.
EN
The hitherto pension scheme in Poland was based on the 19th century model created by the German emperor, Otto von Bismarck. It was introduced in the majority of European states before World War II. However, the system that was functioning in Poland a hundred years later differed significantly from the original. It was a repartition pension scheme based on obligatory insurance and had the character of an inter-generation agreement: it was the so called PAYG (pay as you go) pension. In the system payments are paid out from the dues of the employed, who – after they retire - receive the money from next generations.
2
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Reforma emerytalna we Włoszech w 2012 r.

100%
Plak J.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2014
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vol. 179
173-185
EN
From 01.01.2012 Italians are going for the retirement according to new, reformed principles. A failure of the current pension scheme and a need to adapt it to the changing demographic reality are a main reason of implemented changes. The presented most essential cells and main assumptions of the newest reform of the Italian pension scheme will stay in the present article; with the division into regulations concerning employees of the public sector, private, of autonomous employees.
3
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Zasada solidarności między pokoleniami w repartycyjnych systemach emerytalnych w dobie przemian społecznych

100%
Maciejewski S.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2014
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vol. 179
163-171
EN
The subject of this article it is extremely important and relevant issue since financing of benefits in the majority of pension schemes is based on the solidarity between generations. Of special significance is the fact, that the current pension benefits are financed from the current pension fund. Changes of social lives should realize principles of stability and certitude of legal orders. Particularly, it concerns it pension system, procurement has lasting character in which for pension law. Finally, it should be emphasized that the pension systems play a significant role in life of an every person. First of all, they not only provide and guarantee the financial sources to someone who is retired but also protect the dignity of a man of an advanced age. The immutability and stability of the social security law is very important. Everyone who undertakes any work shall know in advance when and on what principles they can retire.
4
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Analiza struktury demograficznej i procesu starzenia się członków OFE

63%
Ojrzyńska A., Orwat-Acedańska A.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2013
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vol. 175
104-122
EN
The aim of this paper is to provide a statistical description of the demographic structure of the members of the Open Pension Funds as well as its dynamics. The paper also describes the process of ageing of the Open Pension Funds' members taking into account the whole operating period of the funds. Selected demographic measures were used to analyze the demographic structure changes of the funds' members in total and by sex and age. To describe the process of ageing some alternative measures based on central moments of the empirical distributions were employed. The analysis reveals a significant differences of the process of ageing between the funds.
5
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Podnoszenie wieku emerytalnego a problemy polskiej polityki społecznej

63%
Tkaczuk M.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2014
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vol. 179
196-205
EN
Broadening the scope of social security coverage against diverse social risks is one of relevant part of social development. However, when the state tries to withdraw existing social privileges, or pursues a policy which induces worsening quality and access to public services, this evokes discontents or even protests in society. Ageing society is a graduating feature of many modern states. Even though it is associated with extending life expectancy, it is also related to decreasing fertility and finally to high net migration outflow, as many jobseekers are looking for better working and living conditions abroad. That is the reason why the efforts undertaken towards balancing the pay-as-you-go pension system only through raising retirement age is not only injustice, but also ineffective in the longer term. What is worse, it can have a negative impact on both the economy and the society, which form together a complex and sensitive system. At the expense of saving financial solutions and under the name of higher and more reasonable pensions, extending retirement age may trigger many other negative consequences, primarily concerning future retirees and new labour market entrants.
6
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Wpływ motywu spadku na decyzje oszczędnościowe w świetle badań własnych

63%
Swacha-Lech M.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2014
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vol. 198 cz 2
227-235
EN
LCH and PIH, named as Life Cycle model constitute the dominant, normative saving theory. As it is presented by numerous studies, while confronted with real human behaviours this model is doubtful. One of the model assumptions is consumption smoothing in time. In long term this phenomenon is related to notion of saving adequacy, whose size should let keep the previous level of consumption also at retired age. The studies carried out on this problem prove in many cases that the consumption level in this period of time diminishes. One of the reasons for such situation is willingness of individuals to leave bequest. The aim of article is to present the main approaches and models relating to creating and leaving of bequest and the analysis of bequest motive impact on saving decisions among individuals in the light of the surveys carried out in cooperation with IIBR between 27.02.2013 and 1.03.2013.
7
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Governance w prywatnych funduszach emerytalnych

51%
Samborski A.
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne
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2012
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vol. LXXXVI (86)
275-291
EN
Lately there has been an increase in input of new forms of governance in problem resolution in countries and corporations. Despite the wide debate on retirement, not much time has been dedicated to the discussion on the characteristics and benefits of the governance system for future retirees. Up to now, the meaning of governance is important in the matter of investment. There is no holistic approach in the retirement funds. The problem of open funds operating in Poland today are connected with the contractual character, open formula and types of pension plans on offer such as defined benefits plans. The main sources of conflict we can find in areas such as relations between funds members and governing bodies, payment amounts collected by societies and returns on investment. The article proposes a solution having in mind the limitation of sources of conflict.
8
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POLITYKA SPOŁECZNA UNII EUROPEJSKIEJ WOBEC OSÓB STARSZYCH

51%
Czapulis-Rutkowska Z., Instytut Pracy i Spraw Socjalnych
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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2013
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vol. 291
PL
W ostatnich dekadach wzrasta tendencja do pogłębiania integracji w Unii Europejskiej. Szeroko wyrażane jest przekonanie, ze bardziej zintegrowana Europa będzie skuteczniej reagować na wyzwania globalizacji, konkurencyjności oraz starzenia się ludności. W tym kontekście pojawia się potrzeba harmonizacji polityk społecznych państw członkowskich, a w szczególności polityki wobec osób starszych. Unia Europejska formułuje cele polityki społecznej w dziedzinie emerytur a także opieki długoterminowej. Promuje gwarancję minimalnego zabezpieczenia poziomu życia na starość, wskazując, że zabezpieczenie dodatkowe pozwalające na kontynuację wcześniejszego poziomu życia może zapewnić uczestnictwo w dodatkowych systemach prywatnych. Realizacja tych celów przez działania Unii jest jednak utrudniona przez fakt, że polityka społeczna nadal znajduje się w kompetencji państw członkowskich.
EN
Recent decades have witnessed tendency to deepen integration within European Union. The reason for this is understanding that more integrated Europe will be more able to face the growing challenges of globalization, competitiveness and population aging. In this context the need emerges to harmonize member states’ social policy in general and social policy connected with the elderly, in particular. European Union is formulating goals for social policy in the field of pensions and also in the field of long term care. European Union strongly promotes the minimum standard of living for the elderly, whereas additional part allowing for continuation of previous standard of living may be secured by the private or occupational institutions. Social policy is still in the competence of the member states therefore it is difficult to implement corresponding to the mentioned above goals, policy at supranational level
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