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1

Levinas and the Ambivalence of Recognition

100%
Pöykkö P.-M.
Open Theology
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2016
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vol. 2
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issue 1
EN
This paper argues that Emmanuel Levinas’ critique of the “ontological imperialism” does not amount to a perfunctory and rejective attitude towards ontology. Against the commonly held interpretation of Levinas, I argue that if we keep in mind that the understanding of the other is grounded on and determined by ethical recognition of the person, ontological recognition of the other person does not necessarily entail violent relation towards of the other person. Moreover, ethical recognition provides a standard of evaluation for ontological recognition and traditional theological discourse. The distinction between the two forms of recognition is essential to Levinas’ account of “religious life”. The two forms of recognition are nevertheless interconnected, if not reducible to one another. It is only when we lose sight of the fundamental ethical perspective that the ontological recognition is in danger of becoming violent and repressive.
2
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Ein Zeichen für den Nächsten. Emmanuel Levinas liest Paul Celan

100%
Dzikowska K.
Convivium. Germanistisches Jahrbuch Polen
|
2007
145-162
PL
Paul Celan i Emmanuel Levinas zapewne nigdy się osobiście nie spotkali, pomimo iż przez wiele lat mieszkali niedaleko siebie, w tej samej dzielnicy Paryża. Można jednak mówić o spotkaniu ich myślenia, zarówno na płaszczyźnie filozofii, jak i literatury – w refleksji o człowieku i dziele literackim, przy czym obie te płaszczyzny w sposób oczywisty splatają się ze sobą. Niniejszy artykuł podejmuje próbę przyjrzenia się temu spotkaniu z perspektywy pism Emmanuela Levinasa, jego eseju poświęconego poezji Celana i należącego do jego fundamentalnych tekstów filozoficznych Inaczej niż być lub poza istotą.
EN
Paul Celan and Emmanuel Levinas have most never met, although they lived in the same quarter in Paris for many years. But we may speak of an encounter of their thinking – philosophical and ‚philological‘, about man and about the essence of literature. It is evident that both kinds of thinking deeply coincide. The article tries to look upon this encounter from the point of view of two writings of Emmanuel Levinas: his essay on the poetry of Paul Celan and one of his basic philosophical written studies, Autrement qu’ être ou au-delà de l’essence.
DE
Paul Celan und Emmanuel Levinas begegneten einander höchstwahrscheinlich nie, obwohl sie mehrere Jahre lang in Paris nicht weit voneinander entfernt wohnten. Man kann aber von einer Begegnung ihres Denkens sprechen – sowohl auf der Ebene der Philosophie als auch auf der Ebene der Literatur, in der Reflexion über den Menschen und über das Wesen des literarischen Werkes, wobei die Überschneidung der beiden Ebenen selbstverständlich ist. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt den Versuch dar, diese Begegnung aus der Perspektive zweier Schriften von Levinas näher zu betrachten: seines Essays über die Dichtung Paul Celans und eines seiner fundamentalen philosophischen Werke, Jenseits des Seins oder anders als Sein geschieht.
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O filosofickém eskapismu

88%
Vaškovic P.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
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2023
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vol. 71
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issue 1
21-41
EN
The study is concerned with the issue of philosophical pessimism and escapism in the work of Emmanuel Levinas and Arthur Schopenhauer. I start from Levinas’ early texts On Escape (De l’évasion), Existence and Existents (De l’existence à l’existant ) and Time and the Other (Le temps et l’autre), in which the French phenomenologist holds a strongly pessimistic point of view and where he also formulates a metaphysical need for an “escape from being.” That same tendency – i.e. the need to escape from an inhospitable existential situation – is then examined in Schopenhauer’s seminal work The World as Will and Representation (Die Welt Als Wille Und Vorstellung). In the first part of the study (i), I thematize the moods of boredom (Schopenhauer) and anxiety (Levinas), in which being appears to both authors as inhospitable. I then examine (ii) the metaphysical assumptions of Schopenhauer’s and Levinas’ pessimism and escapism, or more precisely the non-theistic starting points of their philosophical concepts. In the third part (iii), I focus on experiential assumptions, specifically on negative forms of the subject’s experience with the world – i.e. the experience of physical and psychological suffering, existential loneliness and aimlessness. The last part of the study (iv) briefly outlines the various “escape vectors” from being that both philosophers offer: Schopenhauer demarcates the way out of being – towards nothingness – through asceticism, through the gradual mortification of all bodily and spiritual desires; Levinas, to the contrary, holds in his early texts onto the emotion of pleasure [plaisir], whose ecstaticity pointing to transcendence seems to be for him – however inadequate it remains – a pathway towards the exit from being; in his late work, Levinas then finds a solution in the turn towards ethics.
CS
Studie je věnována problematice filosofického pesimismu a eskapismu v díle Emmanuela Lévinase a Arthura Schopenhauera. Vycházím z Lévinasových raných textů O úniku (De l’évasion), Existence a ten, kdo existuje (De l’existence à l’existant) a Čas a jiné (Le temps et l’autre), v nichž francouzský fenomenolog zastává silně pesimistické stanovisko a kde taktéž formuluje metafyzickou potřebu po „úniku z bytí“. Stejnou tendenci – tj. potřebu uniknout z nehostinné existenciální situace – poté sleduji v Schopenhauerově stěžejním spise Svět jako vůle a představa (Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung). V první části studie (i) tematizuji nálady nudy (Schopenhauer) a znepokojení (Lévinas), v kterých se oběma autorům bytí vyjevuje coby nehostinné. Následně (ii) zkoumám metafyzické předpoklady Schopenhauerova a Lévinasova pesimismu a eskapismu, respektive tedy non-teistická východiska jejich filosofických koncepcí. Ve třetí části (iii) se soustřeďuji na předpoklady zkušenostní, konkrétně na negativní formy zkušenosti subjektu se světem – tj. zkušenosti fyzického i psychického utrpení, existenciální osamělosti a bezcílnosti. Poslední část studie (iv) stručně načrtává rozličné „vektory úniku“ z bytí, které oba autoři nabízejí: Schopenhauer vytyčuje cestu ven z bytí – směrem k nicotě – skrze asketismus, skrze postupné umrtvování všech tělesných i duševních tužeb. Lévinas se v raných textech naopak upíná k emoci potěšení [plaisir], jejíž extatičnost poukazující k transcendenci se mu zdá být – jakkoli však stále nedostačující – cestou k vystoupení z bytí; v pozdní tvorbě poté Lévinas nachází řešení v obratu k etice.
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Ontologie a ideologie ženství : Levinas a feminismus

75%
Bierhanzl J.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
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2018
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vol. 66
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issue 2
285-298
EN
The concept of femininity plays a foundational role in Levinas’ conception of sociality throughout his work. Despite the various different forms that this concept assumes in Levinas’ ontology and ethics, we attempt to show, in agreement with several feminist interpreters, that in the background to this development one can perceive a certain ideological content which is fundamentally unchanging and which is not called into question, in a philosophically satisfactory way, in any of the author’s texts. The tension between the ideological and ontological content of the concept of femininity will ultimately be the key to a possible philosophical overcoming of this ideological content when Levinas’ thought is treated as a whole.
DE
Der Begriff der Weiblichkeit spielt in Levinas´ Auffassung der Sozialität innerhalb seines gesamten Werks eine wichtige Rolle. Trotz der verschiedenen Variationen, die dieser Begriff in Levinas´ Ontologie und Ethik erfährt, versuchen wir, zusammen mit bestimmten feministischen Interpretinnen aufzuzeigen, dass im Hintergrund dieser Entwicklung auch ein gewisser ideologischer Inhalt zu sehen ist, der sich im Grunde genommen nicht ändert und der in keinem der Texte dieses Autors philosophisch zufriedenstellend in Zweifel gezogen wird. Die Spannung zwischen dem ideologischen und dem ontologischen Inhalt des Begriffs der Weiblichkeit stellt schließlich den Ausgangspunkt für die Frage nach einer möglichen philosophischen Überwindung jenes ideologischen Inhalts dar, die sich auf Levinas´ Denken insgesamt bezieht.
5
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Art and its Shadow. Art in Emmanuel Levinas’ Philosophy in the Contex of the Aesthetic Turn in French Phenomenology

71%
Murawska M.
Rocznik Historii Sztuki
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2022
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issue XLVII
6
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Comedy and humour: an ethical perspective

63%
Bidgoli M.
The European Journal of Humour Research
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2020
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vol. 8
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issue 1
EN
In this essay, I aim to study comedy and humour from an ethical perspective. My main proposal is that comedy and humour can be understood alternatively in the light of ethics, and in one sense, they actually begin, more effectively, with an ethical sensibility. Effective comedy and humour initiate through an ethical sensibility called “hospitality”; ideally, they are preceded by this ethical openness. I will argue that it is this pre-original ethical hospitality and openness that can give rise to more effective moments of comedy, humour, carnival, festivity and also laughter, opening the Self to the Other in order to be able to enter into a disinterested humorous (dialogic) experience. Hospitality is of prime importance here because it turns out to be part and parcel of comedy as it also underlies the ethics of alterity. I therefore suggest that the thoughts of both Emmanuel Levinas and Mikhail Bakhtin can give rise to a fruitful study of ethics, comedy and humour. I will “reduce” socio-political complexities of our daily life-world to comic moments through Bakhtin, and then expose the reader to a Levinasian simplicity and ethical openness that actually takes place before effective comedy and humour can begin. In this essay, I mainly have literary/critical aims, and to fulfil that aim, I will briefly discuss two Shakespearean works and contextualize my thesis. The matter of studying comedy, humour and ethics in a broader cultural, social and/or philosophical context is open for other thinkers.
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Metafyzická vina u Jaspersa a nekonečná zodpovednosť u Levinasa

63%
Hreško J.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
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2021
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vol. 69
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issue 1
35-51
EN
In Die Schuldfrage (The Question of German Guilt), Jaspers sketches out a concept of metaphysical guilt that is fundamental to every other concept of guilt. Guilt is one of the constituents of human existence. Metaphysical guilt had emerged in such a limit situation when one was a witness to murder but was unable to help the victim. The survivor must live with inner shame because of a missing manifestation of solidarity for the affected person. We could find a similar approach developed in Levinas’ ethics of responsibility that seems even more demanding. Levinas suggests the reader comprehend the conscience of guilt not primarily as a result of the freedom to act or to refrain from acting. Culpability is already part of an infinite and incalculable responsibility for the other. One cannot stay indifferent to the suffering of the mortal being. The paper points out the role of unconditional culpability and responsibility in Jaspers’ and Levinas’ thinking and shows a refusal of self-justification as its intersection.
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Świat przed Zagładą. Tajemnica istnienia archiwalnego obrazu filmowego we współczesnej strukturze filmowej na przykładzie filmu Po-lin. Okruchy pamięci Jolanty Dylewskiej

51%
Kozłowski M.
Images. The International Journal of European Film, Performing Arts and Audiovisual Communication
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2015
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vol. 17
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issue 26
225-235
EN
The World Before the Shoah: The Mystery of Archival Film Footage As Part of Contemporary Cinematic Structure Based on the Example of Jolanta Dylewska’s Po-Lin. Remains of Memory The text is an analysis of the composition of archival footage in contemporary documentary film. It presents artistic strategies concerning visual narration used in the film. From this perspective, it also describes the cinematic image of the provincial world of Jewish culture in Poland before II World War as captured by Jewish amateur cinematographers in their home movies, and how the same place is filmed nowadays. The mutual relationship between two visual layers is also interesting: archival footage and contemporary film and the meanings that arise as a result. Among the elements of visual film language are representations showing the metamorphosis of the place of action that occurred as a result of the passage of time and historical dramatic events. Also analyzed is the function of film close up in describing a wider context and portraits of witnesses who remember the world before the destruction of the Shoah.
PL
The World Before the Shoah: The Mystery of Archival Film Footage As Part of Contemporary Cinematic Structure Based on the Example of Jolanta Dylewska’s Po-Lin. Remains of Memory The text is an analysis of the composition of archival footage in contemporary documentary film. It presents artistic strategies concerning visual narration used in the film. From this perspective, it also describes the cinematic image of the provincial world of Jewish culture in Poland before II World War as captured by Jewish amateur cinematographers in their home movies, and how the same place is filmed nowadays. The mutual relationship between two visual layers is also interesting: archival footage and contemporary film and the meanings that arise as a result. Among the elements of visual film language are representations showing the metamorphosis of the place of action that occurred as a result of the passage of time and historical dramatic events. Also analyzed is the function of film close up in describing a wider context and portraits of witnesses who remember the world before the destruction of the Shoah.
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