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EN
There is a body of literature that favors universal and unconditional public assurance policies over those that are targeted and means-tested. Two such proposals-the basic income proposal and job guarantees-are discussed here. The paper evaluates the impact of each program on macroeconomic stability, arguing that direct job creation has inherent stabilization features that are lacking in the basic income proposal. A discussion of modern finance and labor market dynamics renders the latter proposal inherently inflationary, and potentially stagflationary. After studying the macroeconomic viability of each program, the paper elaborates on their environmental merits. It is argued that the “green” consequences of the basic income proposal are likely to emerge, not from its modus operandi, but from the tax schemes that have been advanced for its financing. By contrast, the job guarantee proposal can serve as an institutional vehicle for achieving various environmental goals by explicitly targeting environmental rehabilitation, conservation, and sustainability. Finally, in the hope of consensus building, the paper advances a joint policy proposal that is economically viable, environmentally friendly, and socially just.
Polityka Społeczna
|
2017
|
vol. 44
|
issue 9(522)
14–18)
EN
The concept of the Employer of Last Resort (ELR) is so strongly bound up with the Modern Money Theory (MMT) that they can be treated as two pillars of the single idea. The MMT has to provide financial feasibility of ELR, and ELR is designed to support price stability within MMT by setting ELR wage level as the most important price in the whole pyramid of prices in the economy. ELR supported by MMT is to enable social objective of full employment and in the same time to ensure stability of purchasing power of the national currency. Numerous detailed assumptions ELR and MMT give rise to controversy within scientific world, even inside neokeynesian school to which these ideas belong. The power of controversy seems to grow along with acquiring of political influence by representatives of ELR and MMT. But these concepts are strongly shaped by economic and social characteristics of the United States and because of that it faces a lot of systemic obstacles in case of an attempt to implement them both in Poland and in another countries of the European Union.
PL
Koncepcja państwa jako pracodawcy ostatniej instancji (Employer of Last Resort — ELR) jest na tyle powiązana z nowoczesną teorią pieniądza (Modern Money Theory — MMT), że mogą one stanowić dwa filary jednej idei. MMT ma zapewnić finansową wykonalność ELR, a ELR ma wspomóc stabilność cen w ramach MMT, dzięki ustanowieniu poziomu płacy w tym programie jako najważniejszej ceny w całej piramidzie cen w gospodarce. ELR wspierane przez MMT ma umożliwić uzyskanie społecznego celu pełnego zatrudnienia z równoczesnym zapewnieniem stabilności siły nabywczej waluty krajowej. Wiele szczegółowych założeń ELR i MMT wzbudza duże kontrowersje w świecie naukowym, nawet wewnątrz nurtu neokeynesowskiego, do którego te idee przynależą. Siła kontrowersji wydaje się rosnąć wraz ze zdobywaniem wpływów politycznych przez przedstawicieli ELR i MMT. Są to jednak koncepcje silnie ukształtowane przez specyfikę gospodarczospołeczną Stanów Zjednoczonych i przez to napotykające bardzo wiele systemowych przeszkód implementacyjnych zarówno w Polsce, jak i w innych krajach Unii Europejskiej.
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