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CYTADELA MIASTA ERBIL – STOLICY IRACKIEGO KURDYSTANU – „ŻYWA HISTORIA” OD WIEKÓW

100%
Gardy D.
Zeszyty Naukowe Uczelni Vistula
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2017
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issue 53(2) Architektura
44-56
PL
Miasto Erbil (Hawler)1 to obecnie stolica Autonomicznego Regionu Kurdystanu Irackiego, licząca ponad 1,5 mln mieszkańców. Stare Miasto, a dokładnie jego Cytadela pochodzi sprzed ponad 6000 lat p.n.e.2. Stare Miasto jest dowodem istnienia i funkcjonowania cywilizacji od wieków. Było nieprzerwanie zamieszkiwane od kilku tysięcy lat. Stanowi przykład „żywej historii kultury”. Z punktu widzenia kształtowania architektury zawiera wiele ciekawych rozwiązań, będących dowodem rozwoju architektonicznego miasta oraz potwierdzającego, w jaki sposób sytuacje geopolityczne wpływały na architekturę i urbanistykę miasta. Przekształcenia te są przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu.
EN
The City of Erbil (Hawler) is currently the capital of the Autonomous Region of Iraqi Kurdistan, with over 1.5 million inhabitants. The Old City and specifically its Citadel date back to more than 6000 years B.C. The Old City is an evidence of the existence for centuries of the functioning civilization. It has been continuously inhabited for several thousand years and has served as an example of ‘living cultural history’ for generations. As regards the shaping of its architecture, it comprises many interesting aspects, providing evidence of the architectural development of the city and confirming how the geopolitical situation influenced its architecture and urban planning. These transformations are the subject of this article.
2
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Preliminary report on human remains from Qasr Shemamok (Erbil): Season 2013 and concept of anthropological project

94%
Tomczyk J.
Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae
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2013
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vol. 11
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issue 4
143-152
EN
For four years the French archaeological expedition, guided by Prof. Olivier Rouault (University Lyon 2 – Lumière) and Prof. Marii Grazi Masetti-Rouault (Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris), has been conducting research at Qasr Shememomk. The excavation site, citadel and lower town, covering an area of around 70 hectares, is situated about 25 km from Erbil (capital of Kurdystan). Since 2013, the projects have also involved research on human remains. The biological project (Qasr Shememomk site) is conducted by the Department of Anthropology of Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw (Poland). The aim of our research is to try to give biological characterization of the human population of Qasr Shememok in different chronological periods, and compare the obtained data with other sites from the Near East (e.g. Terqa, Tell Masaikh) (e.g. Tomczyk 2009, 2008; Tomczyk, Sołtysiak 2007). Human bones from Qasr Shemamok were studied in the laboratory in Erbil’s museum. All teeth and bone samples were exported to Poland for further laboratory studies. The fieldwork protocol was based on Standards of Data Collection (Buikstra, Ubelaker 1994), with some additional observations and measurements. In sum, remains of 6 individuals have been found at Qasr Shememok (Table 1). They were dated to the Middle Assyrian periods. However, there are no doubts that Qasr Shememok has got older history. (…)
3
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Preliminary report on human remains from Qasr Shemamok (Erbil, Federal region of Iraqi Kurdystan). Season 2012

94%
Tomczyk J.
Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae
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2013
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vol. 11
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issue 3
173-178
EN
Qasr Shemamok, a large tell situated about 30 km South West of Erbil, close to the village of Tarjan, is a well-known site of Iraqi Kurdistan. It has been identified as the remains of the ancient city of Kakzu (or Kilizu) since the 19th century. In 2012, a French Archaeological Mission, guided by O. Rouault with a European team, and funded by the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, came to work in Erbil, answering an invitation from the Kurdish authorities, and from the Erbil Salaheddin University, thanks to the strong support of the local French Consulate. The text presents the first results of the anthropological work at Qasr Shemamok, conducted in 2012 season
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