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Ships as ‘Total Institutions’. Acculturating Seafarers for a Global Political Economy

100%
Simons S. A.
Roczniki Socjologii Morskiej
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2013
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vol. 22
62-68
EN
Seafarers working in the 21st century global shipping industry are multi-national crew of migrant contract labourers, recruited by crewing agencies to work on a variety of ships for specific periods of time. Types of ships found today may include bulk carriers, container ships, tankers, gas carriers, heavy lift vessels, car carriers, ferries and passenger ships such as luxury cruise liners, among others. The voyages undertaken on board ships cover an expansive global maritime environment depending on where the goods are sourced, the destination, goods being transported, the type of ship, and if there are any designated ports of call for loading and offloading goods as well as boarding and disembarking passengers on the way. Typically, the greater proportion of the seafarers’ contract period is spent at sea, working in a maritime work environment on board different ships where he is assigned by his employer. During this time, crew interact with colleagues from a variety of nationalities, performing role-specific tasks in the same built environment and within a maritime mobile workspace. While conducting an empirical research on ship crew in the international fleet to harness their views on how maritime piracy in Eastern Africa may be affecting their health and wellbeing, the author observed that the ripple effects of structural changes in the shipping industry in the last few decades could be adversely influencing the seafarer work environment and social interactions, in ways that justify the description by Lane and Smith (2011) of ‘ships as jails’. The author has analysed the social adjustments that seafarers constantly make in order to fit into their evolving mobile workplaces. This discussion has been done using ideas espoused form Goffman’s ‘Total Institutions’ conceptual framework. This article therefore seeks to discuss the acculturation process that crew undergo within their mobile work built environment, as being comparable to some extent, to the social adjustments that Goffman’s subjects underwent in their institutions. Through ‘mortification processes’, the residents in Goffman’s studies were impacted psychologically by the regimented social life in the enclosed institution spaces interacting within limited social circles. Although a number of aspects have been identified that have the potential to adversely affect seafaring occupational health and safety regime (Walters, Bailey, 2013), this article will concentrate on highlighting some factors within the seafarers work place that in the author’s opinion, have directly influenced some psychological adjustments that seafarers make, in order to adapt the seafaring culture befitting their workplace. Three noteworthy influential factors discussed in this article include(a) the cumulative effect of living and working in an enclosed built environment (b) the seafarers’ limited social circle while onboard ships (c) the physical and social isolation of seafarers from colleagues while on-board ships, and from their families and land-based communities by the ship structure and the geographical maritime nature of their workplace. These features were selected as they could be discussed from Goffman’s theoretical framework as possible influences on the seafarers’ workplace socialization process. They are just a few comparable factors between the situation of modern seafarers and Goffman’s subjects. The scope of this paper will explore the potential for these three key factors to impact on psychological adjustments that seafarers make during their career working on ships. The author has based the discussion of ‘Ships as Total Institutions’ on the fact that there exists evidence of the cumulative effect of each of these three factors over time in the career of seafarers. The empirical studies provide the evidence upon which the author concludes that the ship is a ‘Total Institution’. This article has been written as the drafting of the author’s thesis is at an advanced stage. The intention of this paper is not prescriptive, rather as a catalyst for discussion of seafarers’ work environment and occupational health and safety from an additional social theoretical perspectives.
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A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF KOREAN MOVIE "THE HOUSEMAID" – FOCUSED ON FILMS IN 1960 AND 2010 –

76%
KIM E.
International Journal of Korean Humanities and Social Sciences
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2020
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vol. 6
57-79
PL
Dzieło koreańskiego reżysera Kim Ki-Younga o tytule Pokojówka po swoim debiucie w 1960 roku, doczekało się w 2010 nowego obrazu w wizji reżysera Im Sang-soo. Oba te filmy mogą być traktowane jako materiał badawczy nauk filmowych w zakresie analizy fabuły i gatunku, jak i studium socjologiczne obrazu społeczeństwa. Jednocześnie niewiele badań dotyka dyskursu, który w tych filmach jest nie tylko obrazem komunikacji między postaciami, ale także ważnym narzędziem wyposażonym w elementy niewerbalne, uzupełniającym tło komunikacji. Artykuł niniejszy bada więc dyskurs filmowy w świetle analizy teorii dramaturgicznej Ervinga Goffmana, mając na celu ukazanie różnic między bohaterami obu tych dzieł. Wykazuje także cechy interdyscyplinarności badań na styku nauk o filmie i językoznawstwa w postaci analizy dyskursu filmów z różnego okresu.
EN
Korean legendary film director Kim Ki-Young’s 1960 work The Housemaid was remade in 2010 by director Im Sang-Soo. The study of the two films can be found as a comparative study of cinematic studies on sound analysis and genre analysis, and a sociological study on social images. However, few studies have looked with a discourse oriented approach. Discourse in the movie is not only a window for communication between characters, but also an important device with non-verbal elements, so it can be said to be discourse has a high importance as an analysis target. This study analyzes the film discourse according to Erving Goffman’s dramaturgical analysis to find out the differences between the characters. This study can be said is meaningful in that it has the characteristics of interdisciplinary research in linguistics and film studies through discourse analysis of two films with different periods.
3
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Manipulacja ramami w specjalnym wydaniu tygodnika „Time” z 20 V 2011 roku

63%
Marecki M.
Ogrody Nauk i Sztuk
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2012
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issue 2
EN
On 20 May 2011, the Time weekly published a special report issue in its entirety covering the killing of Osama bin Laden. Clearly, owing to its thematic coherence, the Time Special Report issue could be examined through the lenses of qualitative content analysis tools. This paper, however, applies Goffman’s Frame Analysis. Based on two basic assumptions: (1) that the “frame” amounts to the structured knowledge and (2) that the language of media reports is never neutral, but highly constructed, the paper argues that the examined Time issue is fundamentally built on three frames: the “war on terror” frame, the “hero” vs. the “enemy no. 1” frame and, finally, the “indestructible USA” vs. the “primitive, yet promising Islamic countries” frame. In addition, drawing on the cognitive concepts of figure/ground organization and focalization, as well as the notion of metaphor, it investigates how the above distinguished frames are manipulated and modified.
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Oddział zamknięty? Socjologia contra antropologia w badaniach nad życiem klasztornym

63%
Jezierski W.
Rocznik Antropologii Historii
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2013
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issue 2(5), Genealogie kultury
231–258
XX
The aim of the paper is to discuss the achievements, problems, and methodology of two trends in the research on early medieval monastery life: the anthropological paradigm (legal anthropology, or New Constitutional History) and the sociological approach to monastic life. The author asks questions about the research problems that individual paradigms deal with (e.g. the relations of power in monasteries, the issues of subjectivity and identity of monks); about the kind of approach to the cultural or social truth of medieval sources they postulate; and about the consequences for the perception of early medieval monasteries as closed or even total (Erving Goffman) institutions or for their filtering into the layman’s world. The author postulates that, just as monastery life in the Middle Ages was a form of a social and psychological experiment, the area of research on this phenomenon and its relations of power may now become a territory for testing concepts and theories derived from anthropology, sociology, or political science.
5
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Brytyjskie elitarne szkolnictwo średnie dla chłopców. Studium socjopedagogiczne

62%
Gromkowska-Melosik A.
Labor et Educatio
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2015
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issue 3
227-250
PL
W świadomości społecznej istnieje przekonanie, że to wykształcenie uzyskane na poziomie wyższym decyduje o sukcesie społeczno-zawodowym jednostki. Trudno jest temu zaprzeczyć. Jednakże wiele badań eksponuje fakt, iż to właśnie szkoła średnia, a w szczególności liceum, jest decydująca, (obok czynnika rodzinnego) w kształtowaniu kapitału kulturowego jednostki i jej „potencjału” społecznego. Trudno jest przecenić w tym zakresie, zarówno w kontekście historycznym, jak i współcześnie, rolę elitarnych szkół licealnych, z absolwentów których w praktyce tworzy się elita intelektualna danego społeczeństwa. Niniejszy artykuł wpisuje się we współczesne debaty na temat roli edukacji w podtrzymywaniu nierówności społecznych. Podejmuje on ten problem na przykładzie społecznych funkcji brytyjskich elitarnych szkół średnich, w kontekście konstruowania tożsamości absolwentów oraz dynamiki relacji między zjawiskiem reprodukcji kulturowej a ruchliwości społecznej.
EN
Higher education, in the social consciousness, is considered to determine the social and professional success of an individual. It is difficult to deny this. However, a vast amount of research highlights the fact that it is, in fact, the secondary education, and the secondary school in particular (apart from the family factor), that is decisive in shaping the individual’s cultural capital, and their social „potential”. In this respect, it is difficult to overrate the role of elite secondary schools, both in the historical and contemporary perspectives, whose graduates form intellectual elites of a given society. This article is a contribution to the contemporary debates on the role of education in sustaining social inequalities. It considers this issue on the example of social functions fulfilled by British elite secondary schools in the context of constructing graduate identities and the dynamics of relations between the phenomenon of cultural reproduction and social mobility.
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