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1

The Hiss Case

100%
Fronk D.
West Bohemian Historical Review
|
2023
|
vol. 13
|
issue 2
251-277
EN
This study looks at the case of Alger Hiss, which became a hotly debated topic across all levels of American society after it emerged in summer 1948. In particular, it was the first big post-war story which opened up the issue of a possible communist threat to the United States of America. In light of McCarthyism, which essentially took up the start of the 1950s, we need to examine this case taking account of the rising hysteria, and the question then directly arises of how far Alger Hiss’s story was able to affect the very running of society. The trained lawyer and former federal employee was accused of membership of the Communist Party in front of the HUAC by Whittaker Chambers. This apparently banal beginning would lead to unforeseeable consequences for both protagonists. Furthermore, other parties became increasingly interested in the entire case, and their interest was certainly not merely in uncovering the truth. Members of the investigative committee were often focusing on their own political objectives and visibility, while the media wanted to get a scoop, and were eager to inform the public on current developments on an almost daily basis. This all meant that the case was an extremely fraught and closely watched one which really was able to deeply influence the further direction of society. The objective of this study is to describe the core details of the case and identify the motivations of the different figures involved. Their actions certainly could have had a marked influence on the whole of society, and so the question arises of whether they really did, and whether any of them were aware of this fact at the time. In contrast to other authors who have looked at this case, it is not my objective to determine whether Alger Hiss was guilty or innocent. Instead, I want to portray the story as a conflict between two figures in which various circumstances led them to be standing against each other to stage a show in front of the whole of America which could lead to unforeseen consequences for everyone observing, even if from afar.
2

Unas reflexiones sobre el servicio de información español en la época de los Reyes Católicos y los Austrias

58%
Taracha C.
Roczniki Humanistyczne
|
2019
|
vol. 67
|
issue 2: Historia
79-110
ES
El presente artículo versa sobre los servicios de información españoles durante la Alta Edad Moderna. El estudio se centra sobre su origen, su articulación, las implantación de sus redes, su financiación, además de los asuntos de interés detrás de su actuación. El autor destaca el papel del triángulo Bruselas-Viena-Nápoles, y enfatiza en el papel de dichos servicios como amortiguador de la profunda crisis de España como actor geopolítico en la Europa de la segunda mitad del siglo XVII.
EN
United by the Catholic Kings and developing the world’s empire under the rule of the Habsburgs, Spain pursued its interests through various instruments. The most important were diplomacy andthe intelligence service. During the reign of Charles I and Philip II, efforts were made to institutionalize the intelligence structures that were subject to the authority responsible for foreign policy, i.e. Consejo de Estado. The exten-sive Spanish espionage network in Europe was based on the Brussels–Milan–Vienna triangle, which was the logistical basis for its activities and information flow. The Spanish intelligence service served the monarchy in the difficult period of decadence of the second half of the seventeenth century, maintaining the territorial coherence of the state in the era of the French dominance of Louis XIV.
PL
Istotną rolę w budowie, a następnie ochronie położonej na kilku kontynentach monarchii hiszpańskiej odgrywały służby informacyjne Madrytu. Ich działalność opierała się na centrach logistycznych (Bruksela, Mediolan, Wiedeń) oraz sieci placówek dyplomatycznych w Europie. Dobra organizacja, sprawne finansowanie, umiejętny dobór ludzi przyniósł hiszpańskiemu wywiadowi wiele sukcesów, choć nie ustrzegły się one również znaczących błędów. W okresie kryzysu państwa, za panowania ostatniego Habsburga, servicios secretos starały się utrzymać jedność terytorialną tracącej polityczne znaczenie monarchii.
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