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Integracja Euroazji jako globalny projekt geopolityczny Rosji

100%
Wasiuta O.
Przegląd Geopolityczny
|
2014
|
vol. 7
37-59
PL
Rosja próbuje zapobiec alternatywnym drogom rozwoju krajów WNP, nakłaniając je do włączenia się w struktury Unii Euroazjatyckiej. Realizacji powyższych planów Rosji towarzyszy presja na państwa WNP, która ma zarówno bezpośredni, jak i pośredni charakter. Do tych środków zaangażowany jest również i Rosyjski Kościół Prawosławny, który stara się utrzymać część państw WNP (najpierw Białoruś i Ukrainę) w orbicie rosyjskiego świata duchowego. Głównym celem polityki zagranicznej Władimira Putina do 2015 r. jest stworzenie struktury politycznoekonomicznej ze stolicą w Moskwie.
EN
We live in a time of intensive process of creating a new geopolitical space, aimed at the creation of the “great spaces”. Russia is trying to prevent alternative ways of development of the countries of the CIS, while pushing them to join the structures of the Eurasian Union. Implementation of the plans of Russia, accompanied by pressure on the CIS countries, has both a direct and indirect nature. The Russian Orthodox Church is trying also to maintain some of the CIS countries (first of all: Belarus and Ukraine) in the orbit of Russian spiritual world. The main objective of the foreign policy of Vladimir Putin is to create a political and economic structure with the capital in Moscow. This can be considered as a traditional Russian geopolitical imperatives, because in different historical periods they have been put into practice, especially in the period of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union, in the place they are trying to create a new structure – the Eurasian Union, to which they intend to draw the Ukraine, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan.
2
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Security issues in transport projects in Central Asia

94%
Semenova N., Kopcewicz G., Olszanecka N., Urbański D., Piechowiak-Lamparska J., Bryc A., Bojarczyk B., Jorgensen F. A. E., Niedziołka D., Pacześniak A., Potorski R., Wincławska M., Włodkowska-Bagan A., Jeran A., Mol A., Solsbery A., Dąbrowska I., Głodkowski M., Kopcewicz G., Olszanecka N., Piechowiak-Lamparska J.
The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies
|
2019
|
issue 2
EN
China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), in which the countries of Central Asia play a key role, is becoming very attractive for the transit countries. China is investing heavily in the economic and infrastructure development of the region. Beijing pays attention not only to energy carriers but also plans to invest in transport and other industries. The BRI is a complex project that is still being finalized and many details are not yet clear. However, it seems that the Chinese government is doing its best to implement the aims of this initiative.Since the collapse of the USSR and the independence of the Central Asian republics, there has been a noticeable change in the geography of the distribution of productive forces worldwide. In addition, new economic centers have emerged. All this has caused increased competition between transit countries for new routes in the transport services market in the region.In this context, security issues for the implementation of Eurasian integration projects by China in the transport sector occupy one of the most important places on the agenda, since long-term operation and implementation are directly dependent on ensuring their security.This research analyzes internal threats, instability conditions and security risks in Central Asia at national, sub-regional and regional levels. The contradictions between different actors create a basis for the emergence of conflict situations, the potential consequences of which need to be taken into account by China when planning and implementing major integration projects in the region.
3
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Jurisdiction of the Court of the Eurasian Economic Union and Its Role in the Development of the Eurasian Legal Order: One Step Back and Two Steps Forward

84%
Mikhaliova T.
Polish Yearbook of International Law
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2019
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vol. 39
251-264
EN
The Court of the Eurasian Economic Union was created in 2015 as a judicial organ with jurisdiction over a range of subject matters within the Eurasian Economic Union. It replaced the Court of the Eurasian Economic Community, which operated within the Eurasian Economic Community and its Customs Union (2012-2014). Though the Union become the next step in the integration process of the post-Soviet area, the newly created Court has not been given de jure a successor status. The Court of the Union was set up anew as one of the four institutional bodies in the structure of the Union. It was empowered to settle disputes between the Member States, as well as to consider different types of actions brought by private actors (economic entities only). The interpretative function of the Court was enshrined as “competence on clarification.” Moreover, the Commission, the main executive and regulative organ, was not given locus standi in actions against the Member States to enhance their compliance with the obligations of EAEU law. Preliminary jurisdiction was also cut down as compared to the Court of the Community or other regional integration courts. However, some new functions were given to the Court, and its five years long practice shows a clear tendency to substitute missing powers with those given but in a broader context, as well as its aspirations to play a consolidating role for the legal order of the Union.
4
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Shanghai Cooperation Organisation’s development within the Greater Eurasian Partnership – Russian viewpoint

67%
Kulintsev Y. V.
Przegląd Europejski
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2021
|
vol. 3
233-241
PL
Autor przedstawia nowe kierunki rozwoju Szanghajskiej Organizacji Współpracy (ang. SCO), bada geopolityczne przyczyny ich powstania oraz identyfikuje rolę i miejsce Organizacji w ramach Wielkiego Partnerstwa Euroazjatyckiego (ang. GEP). Autor także omawia Strategię rozwoju SCO do 2025 roku oraz identyfikuje obszary będące przedmiotem wspólnego zainteresowania z ideami rozwojowymi GEP, które koncentrują się na działaniach gospodarczych i handlowych oraz zagadnieniach interakcji politycznych i współpracy w dziedzinie bezpieczeństwa społecznego. W podsumowaniu autor wnioskuje, że państwa SCO działają jako “motory” rozwoju regionalnego, podejmując wspólne wysiłki w celu stworzenia warunków niezbędnych do zapewnienia trwałego rozwoju społecznego i gospodarczego. Nowe kierunki rozwoju SCO pokazują, że Organizacja potrafi dostosować się do nowych warunków zmieniającego się świata, a jej udział w nowych formatach współpracy jest pozytywnie oceniany w krajach kontynentu euroazjatyckiego.
EN
The author analyses new directions of development of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), examines the geopolitical reasons of their emergence, and identifies the role and place of the Organisation in the framework of the Greater Eurasian Partnership (GEP).The author also presents the Development Strategy of the SCO until 2025 and identifies the areas of common interests with the GEP’s development ideas, which are focused on the economic and trade- -related measures along with the issues of political interaction and cooperation in the field of social security. In conclusion the author claims, that SCO countries are acting as “drivers” of regional development and making a concerted effort to create the necessary conditions for ensuring sustainable social and economic development. The new development directions of the SCO demonstrate that the Organisation is able to adapt to new conditions of the changing world, while its participation in new formats of interaction is in demand among the countries of the Eurasian continent.
5

Shanghai Cooperation Organisation’s development within the Greater Eurasian Partnership – Russian viewpoint

67%
Kulintsev Y. V.
Przegląd Europejski
|
2021
|
issue 3(61)
233-241
EN
The author analyses new directions of development of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), examines the geopolitical reasons of their emergence, and identifies the role and place of the Organisation in the framework of the Greater Eurasian Partnership (GEP).The author also presents the Development Strategy of the SCO until 2025 and identifies the areas of common interests with the GEP’s development ideas, which are focused on the economic and trade-related measures along with the issues of political interaction and cooperation in the field of social security. In conclusion the author claims, that SCO countries are acting as “drivers” of regional development and making a concerted effort to create the necessary conditions for ensuring sustainable social and economic development. The new development directions of the SCO demonstrate that the Organisation is able to adapt to new conditions of the changing world, while its participation in new formats of interaction is in demand among the countries of the Eurasian continent.
PL
Autor przedstawia nowe kierunki rozwoju Szanghajskiej Organizacji Współpracy (ang. SCO), bada geopolityczne przyczyny ich powstania oraz identyfikuje rolę i miejsce Organizacji w ramach Wielkiego Partnerstwa Euroazjatyckiego (ang. GEP). Autor także omawia Strategię rozwoju SCO do 2025 roku oraz identyfikuje obszary będące przedmiotem wspólnego zainteresowania z ideami rozwojowymi GEP, które koncentrują się na działaniach gospodarczych i handlowych oraz zagadnieniach interakcji politycznych i współpracy w dziedzinie bezpieczeństwa społecznego. W podsumowaniu autor wnioskuje, że państwa SCO działają jako “motory” rozwoju regionalnego, podejmując wspólne wysiłki w celu stworzenia warunków niezbędnych do zapewnienia trwałego rozwoju społecznego i gospodarczego. Nowe kierunki rozwoju SCO pokazują, że Organizacja potrafi dostosować się do nowych warunków zmieniającego się świata, a jej udział w nowych formatach współpracy jest pozytywnie oceniany w krajach kontynentu euroazjatyckiego.
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