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1
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Die Stellung Österreichs und der Schweiz zur Schaffung des Europäischen Binnenmarktes eine Vergleichende Analyse

100%
Tomczyk M.
International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal
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2016
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vol. 18
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issue 1
53-70
EN
This article examines, in a comparative perspective, the integration policy of the two, in many respects, very similar, neutral states, with particular emphasis on the period after the signing of the Single European Act. Despite the converging political and economic objectives, the decisions of both countries were determined by different economic and political conditions. For Austria, the integration processes were perceived as an important step, towards reconstruction of the economy, the abolition of trade barriers with the most important economic partner. In political terms integration – enhanced Austria’s position within European Community. Unlike the Austrian Government, the authorities in Bern have acted under much more polarized conditions. Neutrality played still very important role in its international policies and the social fears connected mostly to the loss of political and economic independence were vivid. The Swiss authorities were thus forced to choose the bilateral path, which was not preferred by EU countries, but more socially acceptable, and therefore easier to implement.
2

A Shift in U.S. Foreign Policy under the Nixon Administration and European Political Cooperation: A Historical Analysis

100%
Nguyen T. T. H.
Baltic Journal of European Studies
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2016
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vol. 6
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issue 1
157-174
EN
With a historical approach, this paper examines the Nixon administration’s policy and stance towards the European Political Cooperation (the EPC). In December 1969, at The Hague Summit the leaders of the European Community expressed their determination for deepening European integration. The final communiqué of The Hague Summit stressed the European Community’s desire to achieve the EPC and to parallel the European Community’s increasing economic strength with a role to play in the world affairs. With this in mind, the paper will examine the impacts that Nixon administration’s attempts to rebalance U.S. foreign relations reflected in the opening to China and the détente with the Soviet Union had on the European political integration. Then, it will be argued that the Nixon administration’s shifting of foreign policy priorities can be seen as one of the driving forces of the EPC. The paper puts forth that a European Community, whose weight was increased first by its economic integration and then by its political cooperation, was seen by the Nixon administration as a challenge to the United States. It is concluded that after a long time of consistently supporting European integration as a means to secure peace and prosperity in Europe, the United States under the Nixon administration had to reconsider its foreign relations and rebalance its focus on the global chessboard. This rebalancing certainly impacted the EPC in particular and the European integration process in general.
3
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Fiduciary Activity of an Attorney-At-Law: Experience of the EU and the USA and Prospects for Implementation in Ukraine

88%
Hansetska V.
Copernicus Political and Legal Studies
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2023
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vol. 2
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issue 3
58-62
EN
The article deals with the concept of fiduciary activity of an attorney-at-law. The author analyzes foreign experience, in particular, the EU and the USA on fiduciary activity, and conducts a comparative legal analysis. The author examines the prospects for introducing such activities into national legislation on the advocacy. The author focuses on European legislation, in particular, the Common Code of Practice for Lawyers of the European Community. The author examines in detail the procedure for fiduciary activities in the EU and the USA, with special attention paid to the procedure for providing such activities by attorneys. The author emphasizes the advantages and disadvantages of fiduciary activities in foreign countries. The author examines the draft amendments to the national legislation on the Advocacy regarding the introduction of fiduciary activities. The author emphasizes that although the experience of foreign countries with regard to fiduciary activities is quite positive, one should not try to quickly and blindly implement European standards into national legislation, as this will take time. The author determines that a lawyer who manages client’s funds in the course of performing professional duties in the territory of one of the Community States must comply with the rules for managing client’s funds and maintaining financial records established by the competent authorities of the State of registration. The author of the article also establishes that the competent authorities of all Community countries have the right to control and confidentially examine the financial documents of an attorney-at-law on the client’s funds placed at his disposal in order to identify cases of violation of the rules to be observed by the attorney- at-law and to impose sanctions on him in case of the above violations. The advocate, who manages the client’s funds in the course of the performance of his or her professional duties in the territory of one of the Community states, shall comply with the rules for the management of client’s funds and the maintenance of financial records established by the competent authorities of the state of registration.
4
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Pavel VI. a evropská společenství v letech 1963‒1978

75%
Žák P.
Moderní dějiny: sborník k dějinám 19. a 20. století (Modern History: Studies into 19th and 20th century history)
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2015
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vol. 23
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issue 1
241-258
EN
The objective of this study is to describe Pope Paul VI’s European integration policy. From the 1950s, the Vatican had been one of strongest advocates and promoters of the idea of European integration. Pope Pius XII had been a convinced federalist and supported every pro-European initiative. During John XXIII’s pontificate, the topic of European integration was put temporarily on the backburner, but under Paul VI it once again became a fairly common topic of the Pope’s speeches. Paul VI built on the traditions of Pius XII and defended a strong European identity, demanded the weakening of state sovereignty and a bolder role for the European Community in development and humanitarian aid, including taking on a peace-keeping role in the world. This research draws mainly on documents contained in Acta Apostolicae Sedis.
5
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The Polish People’s Republic in the context of elections to the European Parliament of the European Community (1979)

71%
Barabasz A.
Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej
|
2018
|
issue 12
371-380
PL
W artykule przybliżono polskie reakcje na organizację wyborów do Parlamentu Europejskiego w 1979 roku. Skoncentrowano się na opiniach publicystów prasy polskiej, zwrócono także uwagę na reakcje Ministerstwa Spraw Wewnętrznych PRL na zapowiadany po 1975 roku proces unifikacji politycznej EWG. Przedstawiono również reakcje społeczeństw państw „dziewiątki” na niebagatelne wydarzenie, jakim były wybory do Parlamentu Europejskiego.
EN
The paper shows insight into the Polish response to the elections to the European Parliament held in 1979. It focuses on the opinions presented by journalists in the Polish press, and also highlights the response of the Ministry of the Interior of the Polish People’s Republic to the EEC’s political unification process announced after 1975. The paper also presents the response of the public in the EEC ‘nine’ to the important event that the elections to the European Parliament were.
6
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Komitetowe ośrodki decyzyjne w pierwszym filarze Unii Europejskiej

51%
Tosiek P.
Facta Simonidis
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2008
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vol. 1
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issue 1
67-84
EN
The goal of the paper is presentation of a notion, classifi cation, tasks and functioning of committees acting in the fi rst pillar of the European Union as well as an alternative solution: agencies. Committees are infl uential but underestimated decision-making bodies. Being a part of broader networks, they are present in every phase of political cycle: policy shaping, political decision-making and political implementation. Their existence is explained by mainstreams of integration and democracy theories. In many cases they are real decision-makers while formal authors of decision can only confirm decisions made in committees.
PL
Celem artykułu jest prezentacja pojęcia, klasyfikacji, zadań i funkcjonowania komitetów działających w pierwszym fi larze Unii Europejskiej, a także rozwiązania alternatywnego w postaci agencji. Komitety są wpływowymi, choć niedocenianymi, ośrodkami decyzyjnymi. Będąc częścią większych sieci, są obecne we wszystkich fazach cyklu politycznego: kształtowania polityki, decydowania politycznego i implementacji politycznej. Ich istnienie wyjaśniane jest przez główne nurty teorii integracji i demokracji. W wielu przypadkach są one rzeczywistymi decydentami, a rola formalnych autorów decyzji sprowadza się do zatwierdzania decyzji podjętych w komitetach.
7
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Komitetowe ośrodki decyzyjne w pierwszym fi larze Unii Europejskiej

51%
Tosiek P.
Facta Simonidis
|
2008
|
issue 1
67-84
PL
Celem artykułu jest prezentacja pojęcia, klasyfi kacji, zadań i funkcjonowania komitetów działających w pierwszym fi larze Unii Europejskiej, a także rozwiązania alternatywnego w postaci agencji. Komitety są wpływowymi, choć niedocenianymi, ośrodkami decyzyjnymi. Będąc częścią większych sieci, są obecne we wszystkich fazach cyklu politycznego: kształtowania polityki, decydowania politycznego i implementacji politycznej. Ich istnienie wyjaśniane jest przez główne nurty teorii integracji i demokracji. W wielu przypadkach są one rzeczywistymi decydentami, a rola formalnych autorów decyzji sprowadza się do zatwierdzania decyzji podjętych w komitetach
EN
The goal of the paper is presentation of a notion, classifi cation, tasks and functioning of committees acting in the fi rst pillar of the European Union as well as an alternative solution: agencies. Committees are infl uential but underestimated decision-making bodies. Being a part of broader networks, they are present in every phase of political cycle: policy shaping, political decision-making and political implementation. Their existence is explained by mainstreams of integration and democracy theories. In many cases they are real decision-makers while formal authors of decision can only confi rm decisions made in committees
8

Polityka rodzinna, edukacyjna oraz ochrony zdrowia publicznego Wspólnoty Europejskiej do początku lat 90. XX wieku

51%
Obiegło A.
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych
|
2013
|
vol. 5(41)
|
issue 4
105-126
EN
The article focuses on the process of shaping social policy in the European Economic Community as well as the factors conditioning it in the fields of family support, education and public healthcare. It covers the period from the inception of the EEC to the signing of the Treaty on European Union in 1992 in Maastricht. The characteristic feature of Community social policy in mentioned-above areas was monitoring global trends in social issues and determining the EEC desired direction of aspirations along with defining general standards in the area of social policy. It was concluded that the further harmonious development of the Community would not be possible without making arrangements to solve problems common to all the Member States, such as unfavorable demographic projections, the need for adjusting the methods of education and training to the changing trends in the labor market or the epidemiological threats to the health of European citizens.
9

Polska – Unia Europejska. Polacy – Europejczycy. Integracja Polski z Unią Europejską w opinii społeczeństwa polskiego

51%
Błaszczak D.
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych
|
2012
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vol. 4(40)
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issue 2
73-99
EN
The systemic transformation in Poland after 1989 was hugely influenced by one of its key factors: Poland’s accession to the European Community. All the actions undertaken by Polish governments after 1989 were meant to prepare the Polish state for the successful accession process. 1 May 2004, when Poland and nine other countries became fully-fledged members of the Union, marks an unforgettable historic event. The paper brings the analysis of Poland’s accession to the EU and the consequences of its integration with the Community. The author also tries to present an image of a Pole as an European. In his reflection, the author makes reference to the future development of the European Union, also taking into account the latest crisis that has had its impact on the globalized world. What were the feelings that Poles experienced at the early days after the accession? What hopes and anxieties did they have? What changed in Poland after 1 May 2004, in their opinion? What is the role of Poland in the EU and of the Community in the world? How Poles evaluate Polish presence in the EU? What challenges does the EU face? These are only some of the numerous questions presented by the author of the article, dealing with the problem of Poland's accession from the perspective of political sciences, sociology and international relations.
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