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EN
Early warning systems are responsible for monitoring crisis situations and generating warning signals of situations which escalate and pose a threat to international and human security. The application of this instrument often determines the success of preventive measures and efficiency of further crisis management. Being aware of the importance of this mechanism, the EU invested substantial resources for its development within the CFSP/CSDP framework. Nonetheless, the faulty institutional design and insufficient analytical capabilities of the EEAS put the applicability of the system in question. The article analyses a set of early warning institutional arrangements embedded in CFSP/CSDP institutional structure. In doing so, it describes and examines the main institutional and systemic constrains of early warning utilization in the EU conflict prevention framework.
EN
The Treaty of Lisbon gave new institutional ideas regarding EU external actions which were the basis for taking further steps in strengthening the effectiveness of the EU as an international actor. The EU Global Strategy for Foreign and Security Policy – EUGS (2016) was prepared as a response to the need for a stronger Europe in times of crisis. The new strategic document together with its institutional framework places a question over EU diplomatic capability in its implementation. The aim of this paper is to analyze relations between the assumptions of the EUGS and EU diplomatic potential, with special emphasis on the European External Action Service. The author poses the following research questions: what are the institutional challenges in implementing the EU Global Strategy for Foreign and Security Policy? What are the capabilities of the EU diplomatic system in responding to global threats and challenges? What are the roles of the European External Action Service and member states in implementing EUGS priorities?
EN
The drafting process of the EU Global Strategy published in June 2016 has differed distinctively from the formulation of the European Security Strategy in 2003 mainly because of its consultative character. The coordination of the process was ensured by the High Representative who brokered between interests of individual Member States. Looking through the lens of deliberative intergovernmentalism, the paper examines patterns and channels of the cooperation between Poland and the EEAS throughout the strategy–making process. It attempts to shed light on the officially repeated claims on the Member States’ ownership of the document and their active participation in the consultations. The article argues that only with national diplomacies as strategy–makers, the document would have a chance to enhance the EU’s ’will to project power’ in its neighbourhood and beyond. However, the salience of the new strategy among the high political level in the Member States reveals to be crucial for a sustainable contribution to the deliberative policy formulation.
EN
The aim of the article is to explore the policy of the European Union towards Africa between 2011-2017 in the context of migration crisis. Analysis of the legal acts and soft law documents of the European Union allowed to recognize the changes in the external dimension of the different EU policies addressed to African countries. In the article author focused on the framework of the European Union policy towards Africa and the phenomenon of the intensified migration from this continent into Europe. Then, the reaction of the European Union to the high migration pressure on its external borders has been explored.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przegląd polityki Unii Europejskiej wobec Afryki w kontekście kryzysu migracyjnego w latach 2011-2017. Analiza źródeł w postaci aktów prawnych i dokumentów Unii Europejskiej pozwoliła na identyfikację zmian w wymiarze zewnętrznym różnych polityk unijnych adresowanych do państw afrykańskich. W niniejszej pracy skupiono są na przedstawieniu ram polityki Unii Europejskiej wobec Afryki. Następnie przybliżono zjawisko intensyfikacji migracji z tego kontynentu do Europy. Zaprezentowano także odpowiedź Unii Europejskiej na problem wzmożonej presji na granice zewnętrzne.
PL
1. W niniejszym artykule zbadano genezę Europejskiej Służby Działań Zewnętrznych (ESDZ) w latach 2002–2005. Postulat utworzenia unijnej dyplomacji pojawił się w trakcie obrad Konwentu Europejskiego w 2002 r. Wraz z przyjęciem traktatu konstytucyjnego w Unii Europejskiej rozpoczęła się dyskusja na temat kształtu nowej instytucji. Ten proces został przerwany w połowie 2005 r., kiedy to Traktat ustanawiający Konstytucję dla Europy został odrzucony. W artykule zostały omówione główne koncepcje, stanowiska państw członkowskich i instytucji Unii Europejskiej oraz przebieg toczącej się w tym okresie debaty.
EN
1. This article examines the genesis of the European External Action Service (EEAS) between 2002 and the mid 2005. The idea of the creation of the EU diplomacy appeared during the work of the European Convention in 2002. At the time of the adoption of the Constitutional Treaty, the problem of the shape of the new institution had been under discussion in the European Union. This process was interrupted in 2005, when the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe was rejected. The article describes the main concepts, the position of Member States, as well as the EU institutions and the course of the ongoing debate in this period.
PL
W niniejszym artykule przeanalizowano genezę Europejskiej Służby Działań Zewnętrznych (ESDZ) w latach 2007–2010. Postulat utworzenia unijnej dyplomacji pojawił się w trakcie obrad Konwentu Europejskiego w 2002 r., ale w rezultacie odrzucenia traktatu konstytucyjnego proces tworzenia ESDZ został przerwany na ponad dwa lata. Przyjęcie traktatu z Lizbony, w 2007 r., wywołało konieczność wznowienia prac. W artykule została przeprowadzona analiza najważniejszych dokumentów i wydarzeń, które miały miejsce między uchwaleniem traktatu a 2010 r., kiedy to przyjęto akty prawa wtórnego, regulujące organizację i zasady funkcjonowania Europejskiej Służby Działań Zewnętrznych.
EN
This article examines the genesis of the European External Action Service (EEAS) between 2007 and 2010. The idea of the creation of the EU diplomacy appeared during the works of the European Convention in 2002. However, the process of creation of the EEAS had been suspended for more than two years as a result of the rejection of the Constitutional Treaty. In 2007, the debate was re-opened because of the Treaty of Lisbon adoption. This article analyses the most important documents and events between the adoption of the Treaty and 2010 when the secondary legislation establishing the organisation and functioning of the European External Action Service was adopted by the Council.
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2013
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vol. 5(41)
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issue 3
129-147
EN
The text refers to the foreign policy of the European Union in the context of the economic crisis. The work deals with the theoretical issues of the European Union's foreign policy and its implementation in the current economic crisis. The authors point to a number of institutional and conceptual flaws in both the functioning of the European External Action Service and the High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy. In conclusion, the authors state that foreign policy is not conducted properly, and the European Union has not verified their safety concepts and strategies and adapt their activities to current international events.
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