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1

Social trust in education in European countries, 2002–2010

100%
Sawiński Z.
Edukacja
|
2014
|
issue 5(130)
19–39
EN
Social trust in education is at least partly rooted in the legitimacy of the principal institutions which organise the social order, such as the political system, democracy and economy. Easton formulated the theoretical justification for this hypothesis in the 1960s, while empirical confirmation was delayed until the first decade of this century, when the data was collected in the European Social Survey. The results of ESS confirmed the hypothesis that trust in education is influenced by the legitimacy of the more fundamental state institutions but the mechanisms of this effect vary across Europe. In countries where schools are autonomous and control over them is located at community level, trust in education becomes independent from social support for the state. However, in countries where education is considered to be a government agency, strongly shaped by political goals, people tend to evaluate education together with other state institutions. The ESS data also provide insight into factors determining trust in education at the level of the individual. Surprisingly, the lowest degree of trust was shown by the upper classes, including the educated, whom the education system had benefited most. This is not conducive to the involvement of such people in countries that are building their educational resources.
2

The International Standard Classification of Education ISCED: the standard from Sevrès or Satan’s trick?

100%
Sawiński Z.
Edukacja
|
2013
|
issue Edukacja. An interdisciplinary approach 1
115–134
EN
The aim of the ISCED classification was to compare educational resources in different countries. One of the reasons why the classification fails is that it does not reflect the specific characteristics of educational systems in individual countries and as a result creates an oversimplified image of the role of education in contemporary societies. In Poland, the national classification provides a better tool than the ISCED for specifying the role of education, which is demonstrated by the results of the 2010 European Social Survey. The advantage of national classification over the ISCED follows from the fact that it takes changes and reforms in the Polish educational system into consideration. These empirical results speak for supplementing standards with national classifications for education which allow specific characteristics of education systems to be taken into account in inter-country comparison. This would be a step towards functional harmonisation, a concept abandoned after the year 2000 which was replaced with methodological rigor. In the discussion possible reasons are outlined for why researchers find using the ISCED more appropriate for their countries than constructing their own instruments.
3
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Paid work versus accessibility in surveys: Are we running the risk of nonresponse bias? The example of ESS 5 in Poland

100%
Sztabiński P. B.
ASK. Research and Methods
|
2014
|
vol. 23
79-101
EN
Research data shows that nonresponse in surveys is increasingly connected with respondents’ lack of time caused, among others, by respondents’ performance of paid work. Since paid work is one of the key sociological characteristics, the underrepresentation of working citizens creates a risk of nonresponse bias in surveys. This paper draws on data from the fifth round of the European Social Survey in Poland to demonstrate how realistic this risk is. Apart from paid work, the paper analyses three dimensions of workload: total work hours, regular/irregular nature of work and place of residence/place of work (the same or different location) and time spent commuting to/from work. The results of our analysis show that there is a risk of nonresponse bias associated with the performance of paid work and time spent commuting to/from work in another location. This risk may be reduced by increasing the number of contact attempts with hard-to-reach respondents.
4
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Determinants of Temporary Employment in Poland

100%
Barański M.
Warsaw Forum of Economic Sociology
|
2014
|
vol. 5
|
issue 9
81-110
EN
In the study I exploit European Social Survey Round 5 data to identify the determinants of temporary employment in Poland. As in this country the share of employees working under contracts of limited duration is the highest among all European Union member states, identifying the determinants of temporary employment is important not only for individuals but also for the policy-makers. The results of the analysis are supplemented with an investigation of the determinants of temporary employment for people younger than 30 years old as this phenomenon is commonly associated with young employees.
5
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Do we want children? Attitudes towards having or not having children: a comparative perspective on Spain and Poland

100%
Juszczyk-Frelkiewicz K., Simó Solsona M., López Villanueva C.
Dyskursy Młodych Andragogów / Adult Education Discourses
|
2022
|
vol. 23
333-346
EN
The transformations inherent to the Second Demographic Transition have evolved in in¬tensity and timing in a differential manner in many European countries. The changes in demographic patterns are a reflection, to a large extent, of the transformations in values and attitudes towards fertility, nuptiality and forms of coexistence; transformations that act on a differential cultural, economic and political substratum in each national or regional context. Spain and Poland are two countries that have followed different processes; however, they are joined by a legal constraint, late chronology and economic recession. The aim of this paper is to analyse differences in attitudes of Spanish and Polish respondents towards having or not having children and the differences in two periods of time in both countries. In the article, fertility patterns in Poland and Spain were compared and examined in a dual perspective: firstly, considering the fertility data provided by official statistics. Secondly, from a subjective perspective considering attitudes and opinions about having or not having children. The Second Demographic Transition (SDT) is the theoretical background regarded as a driving force to understand this phenomenon. A subjective perspective on fertility was analysed on the data from the European Social Survey (ESS) in two periods of time: during rounds three (2006) and nine (2018), to capture the changes in respondents’ attitudes to having or not having children. Independent samples of tests and an analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used in statistical analyses and were performed using SPSS. The results reflect differences in both countries. While Spain began a change in attitudes towards parenthood (having or not having children) in the early 1980s, and during the analysed period was consolidating its opinion, the starting point from Poland is more conservative, but shows an intense move towards being more flexible with new behaviour patterns.
6
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Declarative and Behavioral Data in Predicting Respondents Survey Mode Preference

100%
Rybak A.
Polish Sociological Review
|
2020
|
vol. 210
|
issue 2
219-228
EN
Using previously established knowledge about survey mode preferences distribution in a population can be one of many ways of improving representativeness and quality of data gathered by survey research. Apart from mode preference existence and stability, the main problem concerns the question: which of the sources of information about mode preference could be treated as trustworthy. Because real observed choices are typically treated as better predictors of future choices than declaration only, this paper tries to answer the question: ‘Are the declarations a good predictor of preference in comparison to real choices?’ For this purpose, it uses combined data from 1) the 2015 Polish mixed-mode ESS experiment and 2) data from ESS8 in Poland. The multinomial logistic regression survey preference model includes socio-demographic variables accompanied by declaration/choice control variable. The results suggest significant differences between choices/declarations. Findings could be used to refine the contact strategies used in surveys.
7
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The Effect of Using Different Types of Survey Sample on Sample Execution in the European Social Survey

100%
Jabkowski P.
Polish Sociological Review
|
2018
|
vol. 202
|
issue 2
265-279
EN
Existing literature on survey methodology is not particularly saturated with studies of the relationship between the type of survey sample and the quality of their fieldwork execution. This paper focuses on three main types of probability sample, i.e., address, household and individual name sample, and examines whether limited capacity for controlling the process of within-household selection of a target respondent, that is always implemented in address and household samples, results in over-selection of easy-to-reach and cooperative respondents. Based on data from the cross-country European Social Survey project, it is demonstrated that individual name samples are associated with higher quality of fieldwork execution, while address and household samples significantly decrease fieldwork quality by over-selecting individuals more prone to staying at home and more willing to take part in a survey. It is also demonstrated that well-known survey outcome rates (such as response rate, contact rate, cooperation rate and refusal rate) are of little use in detecting fieldwork irregularities.
8
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Srovnatelnost Schwartzovy hodnotové škály v mezinárodních datech

88%
Anýžová P.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
|
2014
|
vol. 50
|
issue 4
EN
The first part of this article looks at the comparability of the crosscountry PVQ scale tested on the basis of the Sixth Round of the European Social Survey. To test comparability, the classic 21-item tool is used to measure ten different types of value orientation. These value types are based on Schwartz’s original basic human values theory. In order to test equivalence, a multiple group confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) was used. The results of the analyses show that the configural and metric equivalences of all seven value types are valid in only 10 out of 23 countries. However, even in those 10 countries, it is impossible to fully rely on scalar equivalence. For more detail, in many countries it is possible to carry out valid comparisons of relations and value types, as well as of other value attitudes or socio-demographic indicators. However, it is not possible to compare national averages of the seven value types. The article then demonstrates that the seven value types are longitudinally comparable across every round of the ESS in the Czech Republic. The second part of the article points out some of the problems in the Czech Republic with the PVQ comparison between different social groups delineated by gender, age, and education. While the averages of the seven value types can be sometimes compared in all groups (male, female), in some cases it is necessary either to amalgamate the groups or to decrease their quantity (age groups, education levels of groups).
9
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Creating Overall Measurements of Unidimensional Constructs for Comparative Research: A Methodological Study

88%
Charalampi A., Tsouparopoulou E., Tsiganou J., Michalopoulou C.
ASK. Research and Methods
|
2021
|
vol. 30
|
issue 1
25-56
EN
Standardization of measurement is a prerequisite for cross-national and/or overtime comparative analyses. However, there are instances in the literature where the validation of constructs resulted in producing scales or subscales defined differently from the proposed theoretical structure and across countries. In this paper, we propose an empirical methodology that provides standardized overall measurements of unidimensional constructs to be used in cross-national and overtime comparative research. Initially, the inclusion of items for further analyses is investigated at country level and overtime. The common items are to define the overall measurements and their structure is validated. Based on the Confirmatory factor analyses results, their psychometric properties are assessed. To demonstrate the implementation of the suggested methodology and facilitate practical applications, we use the human values measurements included in the European Social Survey questionnaire for Southern Europe, 2002-2018. Moreover, in order to show how these measurements may be used in further analyses, their association to subjective life satisfaction, happiness and general health are also presented.
10
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A Meta-analysis of Within-Household Selection Impact on Survey Outcome Rates, Demographic Representation and Sample Quality in the European Social Survey

75%
Jabkowski P.
ASK. Research and Methods
|
2017
|
vol. 26
|
issue 1
31-60
EN
Face-to-face surveys of the general population often start with a probability sample of the households or addresses. However, even if a probability sample of households or addresses has been drawn, random selection of the target respondent within the selected household is crucial for obtaining a probability sample of individuals comprising the population. Over a dozen procedures of within-household selection have been described in survey literature. This article is concerned only with the two most popular of these, i.e., with the Kish grid procedure and the class of birthday procedures (i.e., next-birthday, last-birthday and closestbirthday methods). The main goal of this paper is to address the question of whether the Kish grid and birthday methods differ in their impact on: (1) refusal and cooperation rates, and (2) demographic representation of the survey sample, as well as (3) the degree of interviewers’ influence on the selection process. Based on 98 different surveys from all seven rounds of the European Social Survey, a meta-analysis was conducted to generate quantitative measures indicating the size of the overall impact of Kish grid and birthday procedures. Several conclusions can be formulated based on the analysis. Firstly, Kish grid samples (compared to birthday samples) result in significantly higher odds of receiving refusals and significantly lower odds of obtaining cooperation. Secondly, both Kish grid and birthday samples have a similar and significant impact on gender and age imbalance. Finally, birthday procedures give interviewers greater opportunity to influence the selection process. The latter means that the use of Kish grid samples is usually associated with a higher quality of the within-household selection, even though in such samples refusal rates are significantly higher and cooperation rates are significantly lower compared to those obtained in birthday samples.
11
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The Impact of Well-Being on Fertility Intentions – An Analysis Based on the European Social Survey (2010)

75%
Matsuo H., Matthijs K.
ASK. Research and Methods
|
2016
|
vol. 25
|
issue 1
17-46
EN
This article examines the relation between well-being and fertility intentions in Europe and addresses three main research questions: Does overall well-being infl uence fertility intentions? What kind of well-being factors are more important in the determination of fertility intentions (individual-level subjective ones vs. individual-level objective ones vs. country-level ones)? Does the role of specifi c well-being variables change over the course of the life course, i.e. as age and parity increase? In accordance with the theory of planned behaviour (Ajzen, 1991), fertility intentions are studied as important predictors of actual fertility behaviour. And in line with established studies, a broad approach is taken towards the concept of well-being. The analysis is theoretically grounded in the framework of methodological individualism (i.e. micro-macro linkages). Use is made of data on women aged 20-39 in 27 countries, which were taken from the ‘Family, work and well-being’ module in the 5th round (2010) of the European Social Survey. The analysis of a comparable European population sample is made possible by taking account of both unit and item non-responses, and correcting for them. Our analysis shows overall positive but small correlations between well-being and fertility intentions in all countries: the higher the level of well-being, the higher the intended fertility, although the strength of the correlation differs between countries. Also, overall, individual-level objective well-being factors, such as level of education and employment status, have a larger impact on fertility intentions than individual-level subjective well-being factors and country-level well-being factors regarding human development, gender inequality and region. Changes in the effects of these well-being factors are found depending on the stage of the life course: as parity and age increase, the importance of country-level well-being effects increases. This shows that family-friendly country policies targeted to these groups can have positive effects on fertility.
12
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How (Not) to Estimate the Design Effect of a Complex Sampling Scheme: A Case Study of the Polish Section of the European Social Survey, Round 5

75%
Jabkowski P.
ASK. Research and Methods
|
2013
|
vol. 22
55-77
EN
Design effect (DEFF) is a measure used to assess the effectiveness of a particular sampling scheme. Even though its definition is remarkably simple (cf. Kish 1965: 258), its practical implementation turns out to be problematic. Researchers therefore usually simplify the estimation of DEFF by independently determining the values of three components, namely, the clustering effect (DEFFc), the stratification effect (DEFFs) and the effect of unequal sampling probabilities (DEFFp) and by multiplying these partial measures to obtain a measure of overall effect. However, the validity of such a simplified version depends on strict formal requirements which are met only in a few sampling schemes. The subject of the analysis presented here is the sampling scheme in the Polish section of round 5of the European Social Survey (ESS). It will be shown that the method of DEFF estimation applied by the Polish coordinators of the project, which is compatible with the methodological recommendations of ESS (cf. Lynn et al. 2007: 114),does not satisfy the formal criteria that would validate its use. The author proposes two other ways of estimating the size of DEFF (cf. Gabler et al. 2006: 116-117) appropriate for the sampling scheme in ESS5-PL. Empirical analyses indicate that the use of the simplified procedure of DEFF prediction leads to significant underestimation of variance inflation in the sample design of ESS5-PL and, in turn, to overestimation of effective sample size.
13
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Niepełnosprawność w perspektywie uogólnionego zaufania. Analiza porównawcza w wybranych krajach europejskich

75%
Masłyk (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9901-5859) T.
Człowiek - Niepełnosprawność - Społeczeństwo
|
2019
|
issue 2(44)
5-28
PL
Celem artykułu było zaprezentowanie wyników analizy porównawczej poziomu uogólnionego zaufania osób niepełnosprawnych w czternastu krajach europejskich na tle ogółu społeczeństwa. Dane wykorzystane w analizie pochodziły z Europejskiego Sondażu Społecznego z lat 2002–2016. U podstaw prowadzonej analizy leżało założenie, że uogólnione zaufanie jest odzwierciedleniem pewnego wzoru kulturowego oddziałującego w obrębie całego społeczeństwa, który budowany jest na podstawie oceny jakości funkcjonowania państwa i jego instytucji. Różnice w tej ocenie ukazały odmienności nie tylko pomiędzy poszczególnymi krajami, lecz także pozwoliły wskazać dystans, jaki dzieli osoby niepełnosprawne od reszty społeczeństwa. Porównanie wyników pochodzących z kilkunastu krajów różniących się rozwojem społecznym i gospodarczym pokazało spójne i uniwersalne wzory zależności. Po pierwsze, w krajach o wyższym poziomie rozwoju, rejestrowano także większy poziom zaufania w całym społeczeństwie i wśród osób niepełnosprawnych. Po drugie, bez względu na odmienności w poziomie rozwoju poszczególnych krajów, różnice w poziomie zaufania ogółu społeczeństwa i osób niepełnosprawnych były podobne. Po trzecie, w większości badanych krajów niepełnosprawność na poziomie indywidualnym nie byładeterminantą oceny zaufania, jeśli poddano ją kontroli wpływu cech socjodemograficznych oraz oceny porządku społecznego.
EN
The aim of the article was to present the results of a comparative analysis between levels of generalized trust of people with disabilities in fourteen European countries in the context of the general public. The data used in the analysis came from the European Social Survey 2002–2016. The basis of the analysis was the assumption that generalized trust is a reflection of a certain cultural pattern affecting all of society, which is built on the assessment regarding the quality of the functioning of the state and its institutions. This assessment showed differences not only between individual countries, but also indiacated a distance that separates disabled people from the rest of society. Comparison of results from several countries differing in social and economic development showed coherent and universal dependency patterns. Firstly, countries characterized by a higher level of development showed a higher level of trust in the whole society including people with disabilities. Secondly, regardless of differences in the level of development amongst individual countries, the differences in the level of trust between the general public and of people with disabilities were similar. Thirdly, in most of the countries surveyed, disability at the individual level was not a determinant to the assessment of generalized trust if an influence of sociodemographic characteristics and social order assessment were controlled for.
14

Międzynarodowa standardowa klasyfikacja wykształcenia ISCED: wzorzec z Sevrès czy wymysł Szatana?

63%
Sawiński Z.
Edukacja
|
2012
|
issue 4(120)
100-119
PL
Celem utworzenia klasyfikacji ISCED była potrzeba porównania zasobów edukacyjnych w różnych krajach. Nie odzwierciedla ona jednak specyfiki systemów edukacyjnych i daje uproszczony obraz roli wykształcenia we współczesnych społeczeństwach. W Polsce do określenia rzeczywistej roli wykształcenia, zamiast ISCED, lepiej posłużyć się klasyfikacją krajową – co w artykule zostało zilustrowane za pomocą wyników Europejskiego Sondażu Społecznego. Przewaga polskiej klasyfikacji nad ISCED bierze się stąd, że pozwala uwzględnić zmiany, jakie zaszły w systemie edukacji w Polsce: począwszy od reform przeprowadzonych przez władze komunistyczne w latach 50. i 60., poprzez ekspansję szkolnictwa wyższego po 1989 r., a skończywszy na zmianach wprowadzonych przez reformę gimnazjalną. Wyniki cytowanych badań skłaniają do uzupełnienia dotychczasowego paradygmatu badania wykształcenia o klasyfikacje krajowe, które pozwoliłyby uwzględnić specyfikę systemów edukacyjnych. W dyskusji staram się określić powody, dla których badaczom wygodniej jest korzystać z ISCED, niż rozwijać własne narzędzia badania wykształcenia, właściwe dla ich krajów.
EN
The aim of the ISCED classification was to compare educational resources in different countries. One of the reasons why the classification fails is that it does not reflect the specific characteristics of educational systems in individual countries and as a result creates an oversimplified image of the role of education in contemporary societies. In Poland, the national classification provides a better tool than the ISCED for specifying the role of education, which is demonstrated by the results of the 2010 European Social Survey. The advantage of national classification over the ISCED follows from the fact that it takes changes and reforms in the Polish educational system into consideration. These empirical results speak for supplementing standards with national classifications for education which allow specific characteristics of education systems to be taken into account in inter-country comparison. This would be a step towards functional harmonisation, a concept abandoned after the year 2000 which was replaced with methodological rigor. In the discussion possible reasons are outlined for why researchers find using the ISCED more appropriate for their countries than constructing their own instruments.
15

Zaufanie społeczeństwa do edukacji w Polsce i w krajach europejskich

63%
Sawiński Z.
Edukacja
|
2013
|
issue 2(122)
56–77
PL
Zaufanie do edukacji ma swoje źródło w przekonaniach o prawomocności władzy. Teoretyczne uzasadnienie tej zależności sformułował David Easton w latach 60. XX w., zaś empirycznego potwierdzenia doczekała się ona dopiero obecnie, dzięki wynikom Europejskiego Sondażu Społecznego. Badanie to dowiodło, że wpływ przekonań o legitymizacji władzy na zaufanie do edukacji kształtuje się niejednakowo w różnych krajach. Tam, gdzie system szkolny cechuje się decentralizacją i autonomicznością, rodzice oceniają edukację pod kątem jakości szkół w najbliższym sąsiedztwie, przez co w tych krajach zaufanie do edukacji jest względnie niezależne od poparcia dla struktur ogólnopaństwowych. Natomiast w krajach, w których edukację uważa się za agendę systemu władzy, podporządkowaną celom politycznym, ocenia się ją tak samo jak inne instytucje państwa. Europejski Sondaż Społeczny dostarcza też wniosków na temat indywidualnych czynników decydujących o zaufaniu do edukacji. Okazuje się, że zajmowanie wysokiej pozycji społecznej – w tym uzyskanie wysokiego wykształcenia – nie sprzyja pozytywnej ocenie edukacji. Polska, na tle krajów europejskich, wyróżnia się wyraźną nadwyżką zaufania do edukacji wobec oceny rządu, demokracji i gospodarki. Zarazem w Polsce nadzwyczaj silnie ujawnia się negatywna ocena edukacji przez ludzi wykształconych. W artykule podjęto próbę wyjaśnienia tego dość nieoczekiwanego zjawiska.
EN
Social trust in education is at least partly rooted in the legitimacy of the principal institutions which organise the social order, such as the political system, democracy and economy. Easton formulated the theoretical justification for this hypothesis in the 1960s, while empirical confirmation was delayed until the first decade of this century, when the data was collected in the European Social Survey. The results of ESS confirmed the hypothesis that trust in education is influenced by the legitimacy of the more fundamental state institutions but the mechanisms of this effect vary across Europe. In countries where schools are autonomous and control over them is located at community level, trust in education becomes independent from social support for the state. However, in countries where education is considered to be a government agency, strongly shaped by political goals, people tend to evaluate education together with other state institutions. The ESS data also provide insight into factors determining trust in education at the level of the individual. Surprisingly, the lowest degree of trust was shown by the upper classes, including the educated, whom the education system had benefited most. This is not conducive to the involvement of such people in countries that are building their educational resources.
16
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Poczucie bezpieczeństwa wśród społeczeństwa w Polsce. Zmiany w przestrzeni lat 2002-2014

63%
Kanar M.
De Securitate et Defensione. O Bezpieczeństwie i Obronności
|
2017
|
issue 2(3)
70-88
PL
W artykule podjęto problematykę poczucia bezpieczeństwa w Polsce na przestrzeni lat 2002 - 2014. Składa się on z części metodologicznej, w której przedstawiony jest sposób przeprowadzania badań Europejskiego Sondażu Społecznego (ESS) w Polsce oraz metodologia zastosowana podczas konstruowania opracowania. W dalszej części ukazana jest analiza wyników badań poczucia bezpieczeństwa w oparciu o kryterium: płci, regionu zamieszkania, doświadczenia napadu, zaufania wobec Policji oraz innych ludzi. Blisko połowa osób, które doświadczyły napadu, bądź osoby im bliskie, w przeciągu ostatnich 5 lat czuje zagrożenie w okolicy miejsca swojego zamieszkania. Badania wykazały, że zaufanie do Policji wpływa na poczucie bezpieczeństwa Polaków – respondenci w mniejszym stopniu czują zagrożenie, jeżeli ich poziom zaufania do Policji jest wyższy. Z przeprowadzonych przez ESS badań wynika, że poczucie bezpieczeństwa zwiększyło się na przestrzeni 12 lat, a region zamieszkania warunkuje poczucie bezpieczeństwa. Podsumowaniem artykułu jest ukazanie zgodności założonych hipotez autora opracowania z przedstawionymi wynikami badań.
EN
The problem undertaken in this article is the sense of security in Poland over the period 2002 - 2014. The article comprises a methodological part, in which the author presents the way of carrying out the European Social Survey (ESS) in Poland as well as it describes the methodology applied for this study. The subsequent part illustrates the analysis of the results of the research on the sense of security, on the basis of the following criteria: sex, the area of residence, the experience of being attacked, trust towards the Police and other people. Nearly half of the people who experienced an attack in the last five years or people being close to them, feel threatened in their area of living. Studies show that trust towards the Police influences the sense of security of the Poles – the respondents feel less endangered, if their trust in the Police is higher. The results of the research conducted by ESS show, that the sense of security has increased throughout the last twelve years, and the region of living affects the sense of security. The conclusion of the article reveals that results of the research confirm the hypothesis which the author assumed.
17

THE EFFECT OF MEDIA AND POLITICAL BELIEFS AND ATTITUDES ON TRUST IN POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS: A MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS ON DATA FROM 21 EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

63%
MACHÁČKOVÁ H., TKACZYK M.
Communication Today
|
2020
|
vol. 11
|
issue 2
64 - 83
EN
While trust in political institutions is a necessary condition for the working of democracy, its level is constantly in decline in Western democracies. Therefore, in this study, we examine factors that are associated with the perceived trust in political institutions. In this investigation, we centred on the role of media, specifically news consumption, internet usage, and cross-country differences concerning the relationship between media and politics. Using data from the 2016 European Social Survey (N = 37,159 respondents, 52% males, age M = 49.47), we tested a multilevel model predicting trust in political institutions by media factors, political beliefs and attitudes, and demographics. We also tested the moderation effects between news consumption and political beliefs and attitudes, as well as for the effect of the media system on a national level. The findings show that news consumption had no single direct effect on trust, but it moderated the effect of political interest. The effect of Internet usage on trust was only negligible and not significant after the inclusion of political beliefs and attitudes in the model. There were also differences between media models. Countries belonging to the Democratic Corporatist Model (but also Ireland and the United Kingdom) were characterised by overall higher trust than countries in the Polarized Pluralist Model and Central and Eastern European Model.
18
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Mixed Mode Survey Design: problem efektu techniki

63%
Sztabiński F., Żmijewska-Jędrzejczyk T.
Przegląd Socjologiczny
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2012
|
vol. 61
|
issue 1
31 - 63
PL
W sytuacji pogarszających się warunków realizacji badań surveyowych poszukuje się sposobów ograniczenia błędu pomiaru (Total Survey Error), związanego z nieuczestniczeniem wylosowanych jednostek w wywiadzie (Non Response Error). Jedno z rozwiązań stanowi procedura Mixed Mode Survey Design, która polega na uzyskiwaniu tych samych informacji od różnych osób, przy wykorzystaniu odmiennych technik badawczych, np. wywiad PAPI (Paper and Pencil Interviewing), CATI (Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing), CAWI (Computer Assisted Web Interviewing). Jednakże wykorzystanie tej procedury może powodować wystąpienie efektu techniki (tzw. Mode Effects). W artykule analizujemy efekt techniki na płaszczyźnie: (i) sformułowania pytania; (ii) sposobu kontaktowania oraz (iii) sposobu komunikowania się z respondentem, poddając ocenie wskaźnik realizacji (tzw. Response Rate) oraz porównując odpowiedzi respondentów na te same pytania, uzyskane przy zastosowaniu różnych technik. W analizach wykorzystano materiały zebrane w projektach realizowanych techniką PAPI (badanie European Social Survey, round 3) oraz CATI (badanie w ramach metodologicznego grantu ESS Infrastructure: i3.). Wyniki przeprowadzonych analiz potwierdzają istnienie poważnych różnic związanych z efektem techniki (w przypadku wywiadu PAPI i CATI). Stawia to pod znakiem zapytania ideę ich łączenia celem ograniczenia błędu braku odpowiedzi.
EN
The fieldwork conditions for surveys becomes progressively worse so methods are being sought to reduce the total survey error arising from non-response error. One solution is the mixed mode survey design procedure whereby the same information is obtained from different respondents, using different data collecting modes (e.g. PAPI, CATI, Web survey). However, this procedure may produce the so-called mode effect. In this paper, we analyse the mode effect from the following perspectives: (i) wording of questions, (ii) contacting mode, and (iii) mode of communication with the respondent. We assess response rates and compare respondents’ answers to the same questions obtained through different techniques. Our analysis is based on materials collected in research projects employing two modes PAPI (the European Social Survey, Round 3) and CATI (ESS Infrastructure: i3, a study funded under a methodological grant). The findings from our analysis confirm the existence of significant differences related to the mode effect (in the case of PAPI and CAPI). Those findings challenge the idea of combining those modes to reduce non-response error.
19
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Ekwiwalentność pomiaru skali zaufania politycznego w Europejskim Sondażu Społecznym

63%
Jabkowski P.
Studia Socjologiczne
|
2018
|
issue 2(229)
65-92
PL
Jednym z podstawowych celów realizacji sondaży o charakterze porównawczym jest wnioskowanie o międzykulturowych różnicach opartych na pomiarze pewnych konstruktów latentnych. Porównania takie są uzasadnione, jeśli tylko owe konstrukty mierzą w każdym kraju to samo oraz w taki sam sposób. Celem tego artykułu jest weryfikacja hipotezy o ekwiwalentności pomiaru skali zaufania politycznego w dwudziestu krajach uczestniczących w siódmej rundzie Europejskiego Sondażu Społecznego. Analiza stopnia dopasowania modeli pomiarowych opartych na równaniach strukturalnych pozwoliła przyjąć hipotezę o konfiguralnej oraz metrycznej ekwiwalentności pomiaru skali zaufania politycznego. Jednocześnie odrzucono hipotezę o pełnej inwariancji skalarnej tego konstruktu, przy czym najbardziej problematyczny okazał się pomiar wskaźnika zaufania do systemu prawnego. Na zakończenie ukazano możliwości wnioskowania o międzykrajowych różnicach w poziomie zaufania politycznego, pomimo odrzucenia hipotezy o pełnej inwariancji pomiarowej tego konstruktu.
EN
One of the main goals of cross-cultural surveys is to compare countries on the basis of values of latent constructs. Such comparisons are only permissible, however, if the measurement process complies with cross-country equivalence. Using the data form the 7th wave of the European Social Survey, this article investigates whether the measurement of political trust is country invariant. The use of configural and metric equivalence tests demonstrate that this construct can be considered reliable and cross-country valid. However, if one applies stricter scalar equivalence test, the measurement of political trust is not fully invariant, and especially the item on trust in the legal system is posing major problems in a number of countries. This article is concluded by testing the concurrent validity of political trust scale and by offering some suggestions on how to compare European countries, even if the measurement of political trust is not fully cross-country invariant.
20
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Analiza porównawcza ocen pracy zawodowej w krajach europejskich z wykorzystaniem metody taksonomicznej

63%
Masłyk T.
Studia Socjologiczne
|
2014
|
issue 1(212)
109-132
PL
W pierwszej części artykułu zaprezentowano teoretyczne założenia odnoszące się do zagadnień związanych z pracą zawodową, a w szczególności do oceny satysfakcji z pracy. Zaakcentowano w niej złożoność problematyki i jej konsekwencje dla koncepcyjnych i operacyjnych wytycznych, istotnych w badaniach. Część druga to empiryczna ilustracja oceny pracy zawodowej wśród pracowników reprezentujących 25 krajów europejskich. Analizę porównawczą oparto na metodzie taksonomicznej (porządkowania liniowego, jak i nieliniowego), która pozwoliła sklasyfikować badane kraje pod względem oceny pracy zawodowej bazując na zagregowanych opiniach pracowników z poszczególnych krajów. Dane wykorzystane w analizie pochodziły z badań Europejskiego Sondażu Społecznego zrealizowanych w 2010 roku.
EN
The first part the article presents theoretical assumptions relating to issues associated with professional work, and in particular to assessment of job satisfaction. It emphasizes the complexity of this matter and its implications for theoretical and empirical research. The second part is an empirical illustration of the evaluation work among employees representing twenty-five European countries. Comparative analysis is based on the taxonomic method (linear and non-linear), which allowed to classify the countries under study in terms of the assessment of work based on aggregated opinions of employees. The data used in the analysis comes from European Social Survey 2010.
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