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PL
The study concerns the origin of anatomical term (os sacrum) in European languages. The occurrence of this term among European countries demonstrates an obvious dichotomy: on the one side, in European countries belonging to the Romance language group (the south and west of the continent) the Latin wording has been preserved, thus, on the other, in European countries lying to the north and east of Germany the peculiar tracing of the German language was used. The study provides further arguments for asserting that the intensity of synonymy in terminology may indicate the historical region of their origin.
EN
The processes of globalization form and direct interaction and development of European languages in the modern world. So, globalization takes out the English language into the first place in the world: about 400 mln people, living in the USA, Great Britain, Canada, Australia and New Zealand consider it their naitive language. Besides, about 1,5 mld people use English as their second and third language. But in Europe the German language takes the first place.In modern linguistics a great interest is constantly increasing towards intercultural communication. The main tasks of which are the following: prevention of communicative failures and speech conflicts in the process of intercultural contacts, transmission from one language into another, linguocultural concept, because becoming proficient in the linguo-conceptual sphere (the culture of a studying language) is the final and the most important stage in mastering a foreign language
EN
This article outlines the original research concept developed and applied by the Voronezh researchers, which brought both quantitative and qualitative results to the field of linguistic comparative research. Their monograph is devoted to the macrotypological unity of the lexical semantics of the languages in Europe. In addition, semantic stratification of Russian and Polish lexis has been analyzed. Their research concept is now known as the “lexical-semantic macrotypological school of Voronezh.” Representatives of this school have created a new research field in theoretical linguistics – a lexical-semantic language macrotypology as a branch of linguistic typology. The monograph has been widely discussed and reviewed in Russia.
EN
The purpose of the paper is to present theoretical and methodological aspects of the research project EUROJOS, which is anchored and developed in Lublin ethnolinguistics. It aims to create the cognitive definition of the selected concepts, regarded as values in the European culture. The cognitive definition is based on 3 types of data: lexicographical sources, surveys and text corpora, with the latest playing a crucial role at profiling the concepts. The methodological criteria are indicated as validated by the description of chosen results from other research papers regarding the concept WORK in some languages and the concept DEMOCRACY in Polish and German. Whereas the study of the concept WORK objects to demonstrate the all-embracing definition of the concept, its universal meaning aspects, the example of DEMOCRACY shows the relevancy of profiling, thus also of the role of public discourse and the media.
EN
International scientific conference Мови Європи в стані оновлення (Kiev, 20–21 April 2016)The article is a report from an international scientific conference, organised on 20–21 April 2016 in Kiev by the Institute of the Ukrainian Language, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The conference, entitled Мови Європи в стані оновлення, was devoted to innovations in European languages, including especially the Slavic languages. Międzynarodowa konferencja naukowa Мови Європи в стані оновлення (Kijów, 20–21 kwietnia 2016)Artykuł stanowi relację z międzynarodowej konferencji naukowej zorganizowanej w dniach 20–21 kwietnia 2016 roku w Kijowie przez Instytut Języka Ukraińskiego Narodowej Akademii Nauk Ukrainy. Konferencja, zatytułowana Мови Європи в стані оновлення, poświęcona była innowacjom w językach Europy, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem języków słowiańskich.
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