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Afirmacja seksualności w amerykańskim protestantyzmie ewangelikalnym i fundamentalistycznym

100%
Wiktorowski G.
Rocznik Antropologii Historii
|
2019
|
issue 12, Historia publiczna
227-252
XX
The author of the article believes that the Bible on which Christianity builds, and Evangelical Protestantism in particular, does not represent a full or comprehensive model of sexual ethics. Basically, it deals with body and sexuality temporarily and fragmentarily, and a deeper reflection on these issues is residual. The attitude to the body and sexuality present today in cultures that grew out of (or processed by) Judeo-Christian tradition is the result of later (re)interpretations. Therefore, it does not originate from the biblical text itself, but from the cultural, social and historical conditions of its interpreters. The pessimistic and negative post-Augustian anthropology created in Western (Latin) Christianity was undertaken by Protestantism. Within it, however, it underwent a kind of diversification. On the one hand, the body was still radically harassed, especially against all sorts of "lusts". On the other hand, sex and sexuality were dedemonized by placing them in the context of a romantic marriage bond. Thus, the apotheosis of virginity and celibacy in Catholicism was undermined. The material for the analysis are guides written from a religious and confessional perspective. Their function is to distribute ideas and reproduce attitudes represented by Evangelical communities. The stylistic and rhetorical means used by the authors, including metaphors, show a positive attitude towards human sexuality and sex as an act. However, this approach has some restrictions. They result from the patriarchal order, which is considered to be divine and complementary anthropology. Sex and sexuality are locked in a heterosexual, monogamous and romantic marriage space.
2
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Nieograniczone odkupienie i odparta łaska. Klasyczny arminianizm we współczesnej teologii ewangelikalnej

67%
Dorocki D.
Rocznik Teologiczny
|
2016
|
vol. 58
|
issue 1
37-58
PL
Teologia ewangelikalna w pewnych obszarach nie pozostała monolitem. Jednym z dowodów takiego stanowiska jest istnienie dwóch wielkich tradycji w łonie ewangelikalizmu, a mianowicie: kalwinizmu i arminianizmu. Artykuł ten prezentuje ewangeliczny arminianizm by ukazać go jako alternatywną stronę ewangelikalnego protestantyzmu. Autor wychodzi od historyczno-teologicznej perspektywy, przedstawiając soteriologię Jakuba Arminiusza i jego naśladowców (tzw. remonstrantów) jako główne źródło współczesnej ewangelikalnej arminiańskiej myśli. Dalsza część zawiera ekspozycję poglądów arminiańskich teologów (F. Leroy Forlines, Robert E. Picirilli, Jack Cottrell, I. Howard Marschall, Roger E. Olson). Poczyniona analiza wskazuje, że reprezentanci tego nurtu wierzą w totalną deprawację ludzkiej natury; uniwersalne odkupienie Chrystusa oraz partykularną jego aplikację; konieczność Bożej łaski, która nie jest nieodparta w swej naturze, jak i w warunkową predestynację, realizującą się w zbawczej unii z Chrystusem. Autor ponadto włączył arminiańską egzegezę trzech biblijnych perykop, odnoszących się do działania łaski (J 6,37.39.44); odwiecznej predestynacji (Ef 1,3-14); i zasięgu powszechnej zbawczej woli Boga oraz odkupienia (1Tm 2,1-6).
EN
The evangelical theology is not monolith in some areas. One of the evidence for such statement is the existence of two great traditions in evangelical bosom, namely Calvinism and Arminianism. The article presents the evangelical Arminianism in order to show that it is an alternative side of the evangelical Protestantism. The author starts from historical-theological perspective, exposing the soteriology of Jacob Arminius and his followers (so-called Remonstrants) as the main source of modern evangelical Arminian thought. The next part contains the presentation of views of Arminian theologians (F. Leroy Forlines, Robert E. Picirilli, Jack Cottrell, I. Howard Marschall, Roger E. Olson). The analysis, which has been made, indicates that the representatives of this theological stream believe in total depravity of human nature, Christ’s universal atonement and the particular application of redemption, the necessity of God’s grace, which is not irresistible in its nature, and in conditional predestination, which is realized in the saving union with Christ. Moreover, the author includes the Arminian exegesis of three biblical passages that relate to the operation of grace (John 6: 37.39.44); eternal predestination (Eph 1: 3-14); and the extent of the universal salvific will of God and the atonement (1Tim 2: 1-6).
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