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Human and Social Studies
|
2016
|
vol. 5
|
issue 1
73-87
EN
This article aims at analyzing the relationship between intertextual and autobiographical memory in Georges Perec and Radu Cosaşu’s writings, revealing several of their characteristics, similarities and paradoxes. Starting from the assumption that almost every book Georges Perec ever wrote (regardless of whether essays, autobiographical accounts, travel sketches, screen plays or novels), carries the stamp of his struggle to construct a plural identity (trying to harmonize his Jewish-Polish origin, the legacy of traumatic past-experiences - his father’s death on the battle field when he was less than six, his mother’s deportation to Auschwitz and her subsequent death etc.), and that for Cosaşu the identity “quest” is central, too, I intend to demonstrate that obliquity represents in both situations a key-concept. Moreover, when reading their childhood recollections, Georges Perec’s notes on his journey to London or Radu Cosaşu’s account of his puzzling travel to Moscow in 1968, we notice that the strategy of the oblique glance gradually generates a sort of “industrial production” of screen-memories or rather the memory of a whole generation. Besides, we can envisage the possibility of understanding their exploration of the “infra-ordinary” as an occasion for reconsidering the various interplays between writing and remembering, intertextuality and imagination, or - as Perec puts it - between “space as inventory” and “space as invention”.
EN
The article presents the everyday life of cenobite monk starting from attempting to describe the ancient monastery itself, by showing the buildings in it, such as living quarters called “houses”. In monastery there were also everyday usable rooms like “the place of praying” where monks were praying and weaving baskets or “the chamber of sick”. Pachomius thought also about economic buildings such as workshops, store-rooms and many kinds of storehouses. Next part of the article is concerned about all functions, which monks could take charge of. First of all there was the superior of the monastery who had almost absolute authority, than his “second”, who was his substitute. Also each house separately had his superior and his “second”. In Pachomius’ monastery we can find a minister, who was taking care of things connected with work and a very important gate keeper and also workers like: gardeners, cooks bakers and raftsmen. In the final part article shows how does the prayers, which were very important in the monastery, look like and when they took place. We can get known with the work, almost as important as the prayers, which happened in the monastery and outside at the fields. Monks had also free time consisted of sleeping and the meals. Pachomius was a soldier so he put in his “Rule” much precepts about discipline and obedience to superiors, which checked up very good for his monks and later monastic life.
EN
One of the largest postcard collection in Poland, housed in Poznań University Library iconographic collection, includes a set of nearly a hundred postcards written by just one person, Wera V., a German clerk working for the German administration of the occupied region in Poznań, in the Agricultural Workers’ Association (Landesbauernschaft Wartheland), and sent to the same recipient – her mother in Hamburg in the years 1941-1944. Initially, the new town , Poznań, turned out for the woman to be fairly attractive and a peaceful working place as compared to frequently bombed Hamburg, with such advantages as a tax-free salary, or certain commodities that were rationed in the Reich here obtainable for the German state service office workers without coupons, and just three air raids. However, in the course of the war, the living and working conditions for the Germans began to deteriorate considerably. Wera’s choice of law with which to comply, most likely the fear of the Nazi censorship regulations and, plainly, her self-censorship, made her not reveal her true feelings towards the National Socialism. However, her attitude towards the Poles can hardly be called hostile. Wera V. spent her free time mostly on writing letters, searching for commodities hard to obtain back in the Reich, and sending home parcels with trophies, dirty linen and clothes to be redone. She hardly ever went to the cinema, a cafe, the theatre or the opera – the reason being, more often than not, the cold she found hard to endure. She wrote much about weather, much less about her work. It was only from August 1944, when chaos started to prevail, that she started to write about the changes going on in her office and about shutting down of non-Poznań-based departments. The picture postcards written by Wera V. complemented the letters written to her mother. A closer inspection to Wera’s epistolary output could make it possible to reconstruct her everyday life in Poznań more fully.
PL
W jednej z największych w Polsce kolekcji pocztówek, znajdującej się w ikonograficznych zbiorach Biblioteki Uniwersyteckiej w Poznaniu, znalazło się prawie sto kartek od jednego nadawcy, Wery V. – niemieckiej urzędniczki Stowarzyszenia Rolników Kraju Warty (Landesbauernschaft Wartheland), do tego samego odbiorcy – jej matki zamieszkałej w Hamburgu, wysyłanych z Poznania w latach 1941-1944. Początkowo Poznań był dość atrakcyjnym i spokojnym miejscem pracy w porównaniu z często bombardowanym Hamburgiem – pensja bez podatku, niektóre artykuły reglamentowane w Rzeszy tu bez kartek dla urzędników niemieckich, trzy naloty alianckie. W miarę upływu wojny pogarszały się warunki życia i pracy Wery. Prawdopodobnie obawa przed cenzurą i autocenzurą sprawiły, że nie ujawniła swego stosunku do narodowego socjalizmu. Jej postawę wobec Polaków trudno uznać za wrogą. Czas wolny przeznaczała przede wszystkim na korespondencję, poszukiwanie artykułów trudnych do zdobycia w głębi Rzeszy, wysyłanie paczek ze zdobyczami lub praniem czy ubraniami do przerobienia. Rzadko bywała w kinie, kawiarni, teatrze i operze – jeśli tak, to często z powodu zimna. Dużo pisała o pogodzie, niewiele o swej pracy. Dopiero od sierpnia 1944 roku, kiedy zapanował chaos, informowała o zmianach w jej biurze i o zamykaniu oddziałów zamiejscowych.Pisane przez nią widokówki były uzupełnieniem listów do matki. Lektura całej ko-respondencji pozwoliłaby na pełniejsze odtworzenie życia codziennego Wery V.w Poznaniu.
RU
Деревня особенно сильно ощутила последствия режимной трансформации, оставаясь на периферии интересов центров власти. Кризис затронул не только экономику, но также семейные и соседские отношения, поскольку коммунизм нарушил гармонию человеческого сосуществования с природой и локальным сообществом. Автор статьи рассматривает разные аспекты деревенской повседневности конца ХХ века в Польше и России на примере Галицких рассказов Анджея Стасюка и Елтышевых Романа Сенчина. Сравнительный анализ позволяет выявить существенные различия в способах изображения польской и российской сельской действительности
EN
The rural areas, remaining on the periphery of the power centres’ interests, especially strongly felt the effect of the systemic transformation. This crisis had a significant impact not only on the economic issues, but also on the family and neighbour relationships, since communism had damaged the harmony of human coexistence with nature and relations inside the local communities. The author presents a look at the rural daily life of the late twentieth century in Poland and Russia using examples of Tales of Galicia by Andrzej Stasiuk and The Yeltyshevs by Roman Senchin – books describing the reality of the countryside in each of the countries. A comparison of these two works reveals significant differences in the ways of capturing reality of the countryside in Poland and Russia.
PL
Wieś szczególnie mocno odczuła skutki transformacji ustrojowej, pozostając na peryferiach zainteresowania władz centralnych. Kryzys dotknął nie tylko gospodarkę, ale także relacje rodzinne i sąsiedzkie, ponieważ komunizm naruszył harmonię koegzystencji człowieka z naturą i lokalną społecznością. Autor artykułu rozpatruje różne aspekty wiejskiej codzienności końca XX wieku w Polsce i Rosji na przykładzie Opowieści galicyjskich Andrzeja Stasiuka i Rodziny Jołtyszewów Romana Senczina. Analiza komparatystyczna pozwala na wyodrębnienie istotnych różnic w sposobach przedstawienia polskiej i rosyjskiej codzienności wsi.  
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