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1
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Korporacje transnarodowe a standardy CSR w zakresie ochrony środowiska

100%
Drzymała A., University of Lodz, adrzymala@uni.lodz.pl
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
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2016
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vol. 19
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issue 1
EN
The subject of this paper is the analysis of the factors that have the greatest importance regarding the implementation of the principles of social responsibility in transnational corporations. International standards for assessing corporate social responsibility define the framework and guidelines in the evaluation of the corporation in this regard. From the company's point of view, the involvement in social activities is used primarily for improving their own image. Companies try to reconcile the desire for profit with social considerations and environmental protection, however, this process is very complex. Corporations should carry out these policies and implement appropriate procedures. Additionally, consumers want to see the use of the CSR principles in practice, so corporations should measurably help the local community and/or support social organizations. In this context, the corporation may serve a wide audience, communities, and have a significant impact on the environment. The paper will attempt to answer the question regarding which factors affect the application of CSR in corporations.
2

The effect of the degree of foreign ownership on firms' performance

84%
Hintošová A. B., Kubíková Z.
Review of Economic Perspectives
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2016
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vol. 16
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issue 1
29-44
EN
A large number of studies have compared the performance of foreign-owned and domestic firms. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated the effect of the degree of foreign ownership on a firm's performance. We attempt to fill this gap in the literature by conducting research that distinguishes not only between domestic and foreign-owned firms, but also between wholly and partly foreign-owned firms. We also examine the possible non-linearity of the performance-ownership relationship. We divide the firms in our study into three groups by their ownership - domestic, foreign, and joint ventures. We use a regression analysis to explore whether foreign ownership influences the firms' performance, measured by several variables such as profitability, innovation performance (measured by gross expenditures on research and development activities), numbers of employees involved in research and development, production, value added, leverage and net working capital intensity. The results of our research indicate that there is a statistically significant difference in firms' performance as a result of foreign ownership in all variables except the number of research and development employees and leverage. Moreover, we show that foreign ownership and performance are linked by an inverted U-shaped relationship. A firm’s performance increases with greater foreign ownership up to the range of 61-65 %, and declines thereafter.
3
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Pozycja gospodarcza miast Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej na tle świata

84%
Raźniak P., Nowotnik D., Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny w Krakowie
Ekonomia Międzynarodowa
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2015
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vol. 009
EN
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the revenue, profit, market value, assets, location of headquarters and sectors of industry of the largest companies on the Forbes Global 2000 list for the years 2006 and 2012. A normalization index based on maximum values was used to rank cities with at least one corporate headquarters of a company found on the Forbes Global 2000 list. The highest values were calculated for Tokyo, New York, London, Paris, and Beijing. The highest rates of growth were noted for cities in Asia, with Beijing being the fastest growing city in this respect. On the other hand, cities in the United States did not advance very much with respect to Tokyo, and many tended to decline. Moscow was the only city in Central and Eastern Europe to join the list of the most important cities in the world. Other cities in the region are ranked rather low. However, cities in Central and Eastern Europe are advancing in the rankings and may join the list of leading cities in the world in the near future. Research has also shown that a city’s rank in its region tends to be lower than the magnitude of its international linkages.
PL
W niniejszej pracy przeanalizowano przychody, dochody, wartość rynkową, wartość środków trwałych i sektory największych firm notowanych na liście Forbes Global 2000 (lata 2006 i 2012). Za pomocą wskaźnika normalizacji przez wartość maksymalną określono ranking miast, w których znajduje się co najmniej jedna siedziba korporacji ze wspomnianej listy. Wykazano, że najwyższymi wartościami cechowały się: Tokio, Nowy Jork, Londyn, Paryż i Pekin. Największą dynamiką wzrostu charakteryzowały się miasta azjatyckie, wśród których zdecydowanie dominował Pekin. Ośrodki umiejscowione w Stanach Zjednoczonych rozwijały się stosunkowo słabo w porównaniu z Tokio, a w przypadku wielu z nich zanotowało spadek badanego wskaźnika. Z kolei spośród miast Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej jedynie Moskwę można zaliczyć do najważniejszych miast świata; pozostałe prezentują stosunkowo niską wartość badanego wskaźnika. Pozytywnym aspektem jest jednak dodatnia dynamika wzrostu, dzięki której kolejne miasta mogą dołączyć do grupy miast liczących się na arenie międzynarodowej. Zauważono także, że miejsce w rankingu głównych miast regionu jest znacznie niższe niż ich powiązań międzynarodowych.
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Polski eksport owoców i warzyw. Studium przypadku uznanych organizacji i wstępnie uznanych grup producentów owoców i warzyw (rynek pierwotny) z województwa dolnośląskiego

84%
Malchar-Michalska D., Opolski U.
Ekonomia Międzynarodowa
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2014
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vol. 006
EN
The main goal of the paper was to evaluate changes in Polish fruit and vegetable exports between 2004–2012 and to identify the main export destinations of representatives of 107 the primary market of fruits and vegetables from the Lower Silesian voivodeship. For the purpose of the research, data from the International Trade Centre (ITC) was used. The author also used the method of a case study – fruit and vegetable producer organisations and groups from the Lower Silesian voivodeship were the focus of the research. The analysis allowed the steady growth of fruit and vegetable exports between 2004- 2012 to be identified from Poland as a whole, with the main importing markets being Germany and Russia. The same directions were characteristic among subjects from the Lower Silesian voivodeship.
5
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Wykorzystanie możliwości rozwoju międzynarodowego – przykład Grupy Kapitałowej „Sokołów” SA

84%
Janiuk I., Jarosiński M., Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Handlowa S. G.
Ekonomia Międzynarodowa
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2014
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vol. 006
EN
The paper presents the available opportunities of international growth of firms described in the management literature: sequential development and early internationalisation. The results of research on the internationalisation of Polish firms indicates a growth of interest in both development paths. Corporate Group „Sokołów” SA is described in the paper is a good example of sequential development on international markets. It is also a typical example of the internationalisation of a Polish firm operating in the meatprocessing industry, whose role in Polish exports is increasing dynamically.
6
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Znaczenie działalności eksportowej dla przedsiębiorstw z województwa łódzkiego – wyniki badania ankietowego

84%
Kłysik-Uryszek A., Serwach T., Łódzki U.
Ekonomia Międzynarodowa
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2014
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vol. 005
EN
The article describes the learning-by-exporting (LBE) phenomenon. The first part focuses on theoretical background for analyses. The second one applies to enterprises from Lodz Voivodeship and their perspectives for learning. The research is based on a survey conducted among firms from the region. The results indicate, that learning is not of prime concern to exporters, however, there are premises for a statement that LBE may occur in a longer period.
7
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Produktywność a ekspansja międzynarodowa przedsiębiorstw. Przypadek województwa łódzkiego

84%
Gabrielczak P., Serwach T., Łódzki U., piotr.gabrielczak@gmail.com
Ekonomia Międzynarodowa
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2014
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vol. 005
EN
The article presents results of research on relation between productivity of firms from Lodz Voivodeship and their international expansion by exports, imports of intermediate and capital goods and foreign direct investment (FDI). It has been proved, that firms engaged in international activities are more effective, especially firms conducting FDI are the most productive. Two main hypotheses of the so called New New Trade Theory were tested: the self-selection hypothesis (high productivity leads to internationalisation) and the learning- -by-doing hypothesis (internationalisation leads to increase of productivity). The self-selection among region’s firms was proved. On the other hand, the results concerning learning effects turned out to be statistically insignificant. However, due to drawbacks of available data, there are premises for not unequivocally rejecting the learning-by- -doing hypothesis.
8
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Obecność firm japońskich w Unii Europejskiej

67%
Plesiewicz-Świerczyńska I., Wydział Japonistyki w Wyższej Szkole Studiów Międzynarodowych w Łodzi
Gospodarka w Praktyce i Teorii
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2015
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vol. 3(40)
EN
This paper presents the main determinants of Japanese multinational companies location choice in European Union and especially in Poland. It presents the history of relations between the two trading partners. When choosing a location in the EU the Japanese take into account factors such as the availability and quality of human resources, market potential, the real cost of real estate, infrastructure and network, especially the concentration of industry. The availability of qualified personnel working in science and technology is among the chief factor location choices by Japanese companies. Non-manufacturing companies are attracted to industrially diversified regions with high income. Japanese companies investing in production projects actively utilize the benefits of the European single market.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono główne determinanty wyboru lokalizacji japońskich firm w Unii Europejskiej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem firm Polsce. Zaprezentowano historię stosunków między dwoma partnerami handlowymi. Podczas wyboru lokalizacji w UE Japończycy biorą pod uwagę czynniki takie jak: dostępność i jakość zasobów ludzkich, potencjał rynkowy, rzeczywiste koszty nieruchomości, infrastruktura i sieć, a zwłaszcza koncentrację przemysłu. Dostępność wykwalifikowanych pracowników pracujących w dziedzinie nauki i technologii jest również jednym z głównych czynników wyboru lokalizacji przez japońskie firmy. Japońskie firmy inwestujące w projekty produkcyjne aktywnie wykorzystują korzyści z jednolitego rynku europejskiego.
9
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Import zaopatrzeniowy i inwestycyjny a perspektywy uczenia się przedsiębiorstw przemysłowych z województwa łódzkiego

67%
Gabrielczak P., Kłysik-Uryszek A., Łódzki U., piotr.gabrielczak@gmail.com
Ekonomia Międzynarodowa
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2014
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vol. 005
EN
The article focuses on import of intermediate and capital goods and its impact on economic performance of manufacturing enterprises from Lodz Voivodeship. The first selection outlines the New New Trade Theory postulates about relation between firm’s productivity and its engagement in import. One of them is learning-by-importing hypothesis (LBI). The second section presents results of CAWI research, which applied to economic efficiency of intermediate and capital goods importers form Lodz region and their ability to learn. Those results indicate premises for good perspectives for the occurrence of LBI effect.
10
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Umiędzynarodowienie sektora mid-tech na przykładzie wymiany handlowej sektora samochodowego w Polsce w latach 2004–2012

67%
Michalski B., Wrocławski U.
Ekonomia Międzynarodowa
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2014
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vol. 006
EN
The automotive industry is one of the most important sectors for Polish total exports and imports in terms of value, as well as the factor of trade intensity trade. The paper is aimed at verifying the hypothesis according to which the sector covered in this research does not strengthen the capital intensity of Polish exports and fosters international division of labour between centres and semi-peripheries. Thus, the issues raised here are considered in the context of the middle income trap. The author analysed trade streams in Polish exports and imports through the changes in their structure, evolution of revealed comparative advantages (RCA), import penetration (IMP), revealed advantages in trade (RTA), trade balance and the level of intra-industry trade (IIT) together with an attempt to distinguish the shares of vertical and horizontal exchange. For the purpose of the research, data at the 4- and 6-digit disaggregation level of the Harmonised System were used. As a middle income country Poland is still an attractive location for foreign investments of multinational companies. However, it may preserve the developmental gap. This may be proven by the structure of the trade in the sector covered: cars and parts and accessories of motor vehicles are the most dominant sections, which is consistent with the level of revealed comparatives advantages and revealed advantages in trade. What is also worth noticing are the trade relations with Germany, where one can easily identify a technological dependency.
11
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Internacjonalizacja przedsiębiorstw – istota budowania konkurencyjności w dobie globalizacji korporacyjnej

67%
Rosińska-Bukowska M., Łódzki U.
Ekonomia Międzynarodowa
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2014
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vol. 008
EN
The purpose of this article is to analyze the changes in the strategies of the internationalization of enterprises as a result of the evolution the global economy. An attempt is made to assess the impact of the progressive stages of the process of globalization on the models of functioning of enterprises, especially the rules of competitiveness building. The article is divided into four parts. The first part is an analysis of the evolution of the globalization processes. The second part refers to the impact of changes in the globalization process for businesses. The third part shows the implications of the current phase of globalization for the competitiveness system. The last part is an attempt to explain the methods of the implementation of these challenges using selected corporations as examples (Volkswagen, Siemens, British Petroleum).
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