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1
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Work and family

100%
Graniewska D.
Polityka Społeczna
|
2007
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vol. 34
|
issue 8(401)
19-21
EN
Paid work is securing a base subsistence for majority of families and enables to realize their economic functions. Employment level and unemployment rate decide about professional activity of population. These phenomena have been discussed and illustrated by statistical data. Material situation characterized by the revenues level (household budget surveys) is discussed according to socio-professional groups and family size. Final part of article includes estimate of situation of family in general and of possibility to realize its basic functions
2
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Remarks on family policy in Poland in the context of increases in fertility and women's employment

100%
Kotowska I. E.
Polityka Społeczna
|
2007
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vol. 34
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issue 8(401)
13-19
EN
Debates on fertility increase in Poland cannot ignore that simultaneously there is a strong pressure on employment increase, especially of women's employment. The article focuses on determinants of reconciling between labour market participation and family, considered in terms of structural and cultural conflicts. By referring to results of empirical studies in the field, it is argued that those measures which reduce indirect costs of motherhood are of primary relevance for stimulating both fertility increase and higher employment of women. These measures diminish the structural conflict (the institutional standing not adequately adjusted to women's employment) and cultural conflict (the perception of gender roles neglecting the increasing labour force participation of women). They include: the development of institutional child care, gender-neutral possibilities of flexible work organisation and part-time, leaves and social benefits as well as promotion of the dual earner-dual carer family model and gender equality in employment.
3
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Changes in family patterns - challenges to policy toward family

100%
Szukalski P.
Polityka Społeczna
|
2007
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vol. 34
|
issue 8(401)
50-53
EN
Changes in patterns of marital and procreation behaviours are more and more widespread in Europe and in Poland. It forces to rethink the public policy toward family. Driven by increase in diversity of family forms and increase in expectations to support reconciliation of family duties and the professional ones public policy has to use a modified definition of the family to include new forms of long-term relations.
4

The European models of family policy as a response to the contemporary demographic changes

80%
Kocik M.
Problemy Polityki Społecznej. Studia i Dyskusje
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2006
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vol. 9
97-113
EN
There is a big internal tension over arguments on family policy model that in a best way corresponds with family formation plans of the couples in Europe. Sweden with its gender equality approach to family policy and Great Britain representing liberal type of welfare state are at the top of fertility rates list in Europe. In contrast to the previous ones, Italy with conservative family policy model, looms large fertility problems. However, when we focus on the family stability and the process of forming it, the situation appears to be totally opposite. By comparing family policy arrangements in an international perspective, including Polish system of welfare state, it is proved that leave policy providing incentives for fathers to participate in childrearing as well as generous childcare institutional support, as it exists in Sweden, contributes to higher fertility. Moreover, reconciliation policy exerts positive influence on family stability, despite the rise in divorce rates because of the fact that Swedish men meet women's expectations of equality in domestic tasks only to a certain extent and the divorce procedures are nowadays much simpler. Empirical findings indicate that to sustain family fertility and stability at the relatively high level, the policy should follow rising expectations of the couples on balancing the conflict between women's work activities and family life. Such a factor is becoming crucial for Polish fertility level.
5
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THEORETICAL AND METODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF POPULATION POLICY AND ITS CONCEPTION FOR THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC

80%
Bleha B., Vano B.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2007
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vol. 39
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issue 1
62-80
EN
The article deals with theory, methodology as well as the international and Slovak experiences with population policy. The main aim is to distinguish between the population policy and other policies, especially the family, social and migration ones. The article reviews several definitions and models of the population policy, focusing on the differences between its wide and narrow conceptions and their country-specific applications. The authors analyse the population policy in Slovakia, which could had been launched in Slovakia only after 1989 and critically assess the debates on its success and efficiency. They explore the constitutive components of successful population policy such as its founding value principles, including humanism, cultural and societal integrity, social equity, tolerance, freedom, responsibility, and inter and the intragenerational solidarity. The authors compare the legislative, social, economic, educational and medical tools and the measures of the social policy and conclude that the issues of migration, housing, equality of the opportunities and consistency between the work and family duties shall be included into the conception of the population policy in Slovakia.
6
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Family Policy: a Cost of Democracy

80%
Dzierzgowski J., Frieske K. W.
Polityka Społeczna
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2008
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vol. 35
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issue 3(408)
1-6
EN
The authors try to analyze, what is the logic of the system of family benefits and family tax expenditures in contemporary Poland and what presumptions about beneficiaries does it entail. In their view, it is hard to say, whether the aforementioned benefits are designed to support the income of the poorest families, since, as a result of family tax expenditures and the way of means-testing family benefits, quite a few beneficiaries are people of relatively good income status. They conclude that this kind of inconsistency is simply a cost of democracy, and social policy - especially when it concerns families - should not be overly rational
7

Swedish family policy

80%
Szelewa D.
Problemy Polityki Społecznej. Studia i Dyskusje
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2004
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issue 7
53-74
EN
The so called 'collapse' of Swedish welfare state is often perceived in Poland in the light of 'family decline' that is expected to have happened in the Nordic countries. Additionally, according to some groups of authors, since (Western, and maybe especially Swedish) 'atomization, hedonism and selfishness' promotes a certain style of life making people put away their decision about having a child, which together leads to dramatic decrease in birthrates. In the writings of conservative authors demographic decline presents very basic threat for the nation's existence. This article is aimed at clarifying the facts concerning Swedish family policy, as well as at showing successful institutional solutions, which could be applied in Poland because their usefulness in Polish conditions. Theoretical background including 'gendering welfare state' approach is here presented mostly due to its absence in the writings of Polish authors. Gender equality point of view is accompanied by showing, how much freedom of choice Swedish model of family policy provides. In order to have a wider view of this topic, the main characteristics of Swedish state's policy towards families are presented together with the 'retrenchment' period of the 1990s, analyzed with the intention to shed some different light on the fact, whether the retrenchment is really taking place or not.
8

Gender in social policy models

80%
Michon P.
Problemy Polityki Społecznej. Studia i Dyskusje
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2004
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issue 7
75-87
EN
Since the publication, in 1990, by Esping-Andersen the 'Three worlds of welfare capitalism', there has been a heated debate over his typology of welfare states. Although his work is criticised by many, some of the most prominent criticism has come from feminist scholars. Esping-Andersen has been accused of being gender blind. His models are based on the situation of average workers, who mostly happen to be men. Women are present in the models as long as they stay on the labour market. This suggests that the criteria of decommodification, stratification and relations between state, market and family are not gender neutral. Appreciating the analytical potential of the 'three worlds' typology, feminists argue for its reformulation in a way that allows the consideration of gender differences. They stress the need to build an analytical framework that reflects the differences in caring responsibilities between men and women, and show the significance of household production for the welfare of the family. This article discusses the main issues involved in the above debate in three sections. The first presents the Esping-Andersen's models with particular attention paid to the criteria used to construct them. The next section is devoted to fields of feminist critique. The final part presents an overview of the feminists work on constructing models, which are gender sensitive.
9
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Vztah pracovního a soukromého života v perspektivě mezinárodního srovnání

80%
Vohlidalova M.
Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)
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2007
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vol. 8
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issue 2
52-59
EN
The paper deals with the relationship between working and private, family and partnership life in the contemporary Czech society. It is based on the main findings from the representative sample survey 'Connections between the changes in the labour market and forms of private, family, and partnership life in the Czech society' conducted in the 2005. The aim of this paper is to put these findings into an international context. The comparison of selected European countries is done from the point of the level of conflict experienced between working and private life. These findings are also connected to the family policies and the labour market arrangements in particular countries. The international comparison is based on data from the second round of European Social Survey conducted 2004/2005. The findings indicated that the Czech Republic (along with Great Britain, Spain, Poland and Slovakia) counted among the countries with relatively higher level of experienced work-family/private life conflicts, unlike the Scandinavia and some particular West European countries (Germany, France and Belgium).
10

Changing family - changing family policies

80%
Nemenyi M., Takacs J.
Szociologiai Szemle (Sociological Review)
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2005
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vol. 15
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issue 4
3-35
EN
This article presents the findings of a qualitative research project which aimed to map the political evaluations and the social effects of the changing concept of family and the changing forms of family life. By interviewing political and economic decision-makers we intended to highlight the goals and the motives of the different family policy approaches, the characteristic features of the family concepts reflected by the policy-makers' decisions, as well as the relationship between state family policies and labor market policies on the one hand, and equal treatment expectations concerning both genders, on the other. On the basis of interviews conducted with ordinary people we examined how much people's lives are practically influenced by the family policy measures introduced by the political and the economic decision makers. According to our findings the two different categories of respondents saw specific family policy issues in different ways - their interpretations of family policy as a whole, however, were rather convergent. The importance of providing equal opportunities for men and women, increasing the female employment rate, acknowledging the plurality of family lifestyles, reconciling work and family life - being European expectations as well as conditions of a satisfactory life - seemed to be overshadowed by the demographic issues of fertility and procreation.
11

NATIONAL POLICY FOR INCREASING THE BIRTH RATE IN LATVIA

80%
Eglite P.
Humanities and Social Sciences: Latvia
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2008
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issue 1(54)
26-43
EN
The rapid decrease in birth rate in Latvia during the 1990s and its subsequent comparative improvement are analysed in the light of fluctuating income levels and varied income levels which depend on the number of children, the employment of parents and the changes in types of government benefits used by families. Currently, the insufficient effectiveness of family policy is the result of decreasing financial support for families offered in the 1990s and adherence to a model of the family that is becoming outmoded.
12
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FINANCIAL SUPPORT OF FAMILIES IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC AND SLOVAKIA FROM THE EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVE: MORE SIMILAR THAN DIFFERENT?

70%
Mitchell E.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2009
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vol. 41
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issue 3
223-246
EN
The paper explores the character and impact of financial pro-family measures in various European countries. A micro-level analysis is applied to examine how much financial benefit is obtained by different types of families using a 'Model Family Method'. The set of the countries analysed consists of two states from Central Europe and a number of Western democracies representing each of the welfare state types as defined by Esping-Andersen. A comparison of selected countries draws on an indicator assessing the difference in the value of all child related benefits when contrasted with benefits paid to families with no children. Through Cluster Analysis this paper uses the influential Esping-Andersen welfare state typology at the family income level, and explores the positioning of the two post-communist states within this typology. The key questions addressed are: Do the Czech Republic and Slovakia still employ a similarly focussed and generous financial support system for families? How do these two countries compare to other European states in respect to financial family support? Contrary to researchers who classify all the Central European states into one category of 'post-socialist' countries, the authoress argues that despite their common values and shared history, these two post-communist countries do not constitute - on a level of financial family support - a unique group vis-a-vis states in Western Europe.
13
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Zmiany w systemie pokrewieństwa i w rodzinie oraz formy pomocy wzajemnej i pomocy państwa

70%
Dyczewski L.
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych
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2010
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vol. 2(38)
119-155
EN
Confirmed by substantial research in recent decades, I consider the following to be as the most essential and most visible changes in the Polish family life: – the spreading of different forms of family life; – changes in the arrangement of family bonds, i.e., domination of the personal bonds; – changes of position and authority in the family, i.e., development of partnership relations between spouses and generations; – changes in the structure of the family; – demographic changes, i.e., a decline in the number of children in the family; – differentiation of family support, i.e., improved adjustment to the needs of specific family categories.
14

“WE ARE PLEASED TO EXPECT YOU ON THIS JOYFUL DAY...”. WEDDINGS AS AN IMPORTANT PART OF FAMILY FESTIVITIES OF THE ESTERHÁZYS IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 17TH CENTURY

61%
Duchoňová D.
Historický časopis (Historical Journal)
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2012
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vol. 60
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issue suppl. issue
19 – 42
EN
The study is a sounding into the family festivities of one of the most important families in Early Modern Hungary, the Esterházys. The picture of the wedding ritual is supplemented with examples from other aristocratic families. Aristocratic weddings were one of the important instruments of family policy and a potential source of increased power. The Palatine Nicholas Esterházy was a great strategist in the field of marriage in the first half of the 17th century. It is difficult to imagine that he would have gained the office of Palatine without his two advantageous marriages. Nicholas Esterházy conceived a family policy, in the context of which he planned the marriages of his descendants. He also organized and supported marriages at his court. Thanks to these marriages, he created a whole web of relationships at his court and in the counties where his properties were situated. Apart from marital politics, the study also examines the actual practices connected with weddings in this period, from engagement and banns to the actual ceremony.
15

Ustawa “antyprzemocowa” w kontekście polityki społecznej

61%
Mazur J.
Studia Socialia Cracoviensia
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2010
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issue 2(3)
165-174
EN
The article is a collection of comments on the Act of Parliament of 10th June 2010 concerning the change of „the law on preventing domestic violence and other acts”. It came into effect on 1st August 2010. The change is an amendment to the Act of 29 July 2005 on „anti-domestic violence” that has been in effect since 21 November 2005. The motives that led to enacting the Act deserve credit, as they try to eliminate violence, which infringe on the dignity of human being its rights and happiness – the child in particular. However, when analyzing particular parts of the Act one can easily reach the conclusion, that there are many threats to be found which endanger the integrity of family life. Among concerns of that kind one can point to: ambiguous interpretation of the physical and psychological violence, penalization of corporal punishment. Over-extended scope of competence of the interdisciplinary teams, allows the conditional separation of child from its parents by a social worker without a decision of the court. The law that enables to lodge a plaint by children against their parents may in practice rise conflicts between the family members, rather than contribute to their stability and mollify them. The Act appears to weaken the moral condition of family and its inner cohesion that create a sense of security as well. According to the author, the Act does not become an inherent part of a social policy that strives to protect family structure; it can be taken rather as an indication of anti-family policy.
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