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Apokryfní přepisy fikčních světů: trojí zpracování příběhu o babylonské věži v současné české próze

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Hrtánek P.
Česká literatura (Czech Literature)
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2011
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vol. 59
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issue 5
713-726
EN
The article is concerned with special forms and modifications of the intertextual relations on which prose works are based. In modern literature these are usually characterized in various secondary texts by means of the woolly term ‘apocrypha’. The article focuses on three works of Czech fiction, which ‘apocryphally’ follow on from the Old Testament myth about the erection of the tower of Babel – namely, the story ‘Záhadná věž v B.’ (The Enigmatic Tower of B.) by Milan Uhde (b. 1936) from the 1967 anthology of that name, the novel V jámě lvové (In the Lion’s Den, 1997) by Jan Jandourek (b. 1965), and the story ‘Babylonská věž’ (Tower of Babel) by Viktor Fischl (1912–2006), from his collection Apokryfy (Apocrypha, 2004). On the basis of analyses and comparison of these works with each other and further works with the same trope the essay searches for characteristics of their intertextual dimensions and contrasts them. Using Doležel’s typology of the transduction of fictional worlds the article explores how these characteristics are expressed in the structuring and semantic transformations of fictional worlds, which arise with the transcription of a fictional world of the pre-text: the essay reveals how the trope varies in the associated texts, how, and to what extent, the motif is embellished or is, by contract, simplified and demythicized, sometimes ironized. The article also considers the thematic foregroundings of the trope in the associated texts, its allegorization, that is, the intertextual changes in which the mythic event is enhanced by hidden unoriginal semantic levels (thus, for example, the Tower of Babel becomes the starting point for allegorical social hyperbole, artistic reflections on a crisis of communication or for the literary expression of epistemic scepticism). The article ultimately also reveals how ‘apocryphality’ as a distinctive intertextual quality of the fiction examined corresponds to the semantic transformations of the dioecious fictional world of the myth, by which Doležel defines his conception of the myth of ‘the modern’.
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FUNKCIE FIKČNÉHO NARATÍVU A KONANIE ČITATEĽA

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Jančovič I.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2015
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vol. 70
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issue 8
670 – 679
EN
The study deals with the reference of fictional narrative and the theoretical conceptualization of the reader’s activity. It is a response to a study by the philosopher Peter Koťátko, in which he argues that a narrative fictional text directs our thinking and imagination at a real world. Thereby Peter Koťátko disputes the theory of ontologically independent fictional worlds. The result of the comparison of both approaches is the author’s belief, that there is a tension between Peter Koťátko’s attempt to simplify the fictional reference and the substantial feature of the fictional narrative reader’s activity. The reader has to act in two ways: on one hand he believes, that what he reads really happens, on the other hand he understands that what he reads is a fiction. Constant relating text and reality to each other using the operator “as if“ (Peter Koťátko) rather disturbs the game-like character of the activity (especially when reading non-mimetic texts). On the contrary the theory of fictional worlds (Marie-Laure Ryan, Lubomír Doležel) takes into account two levels of the reader’s activity.
3
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Teorie fikčních světů a dějiny literatury

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Turecek D.
Česká literatura (Czech Literature)
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2006
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vol. 54
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issue 1
1-13
EN
Theory of fictional worlds has been proven a useful tool in modern narrative semantics. Based on the theory of communication, and thus being able to reflect the creation as well as the reception of literary works, the semantics of fictional worlds my be considered an important tool of inquiry literary history. One of the most challenging tasks of literary history remains the demarcation of literariness, which is connected with language and aesthetic function of the literary artwork in the structuralist discourse. The study tries examine how the fictional worlds semantics meets the specific preconditions and needs of literary historical investigation.
4
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Červenkova teorie lyrického subjektu

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Piorecky K.
Česká literatura (Czech Literature)
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2006
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vol. 54
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issue 6
31-55
EN
This article considers the development of Miroslav Cervenka's ideas on the theory of the lyric subject and communication in lyric verse. He did not lay the foundations of this theory till his dissertation, 'Vyznamova vystavba literarniho dila' (The Semantic Structure of a Work of Literature), in which he defines the lyric subject as one of the semantic complexes within the overall structure of the work. Although Cervenka never completely abandoned this conception, which stems from a structural and semiotic paradigm, he gradually added to it with impulses from other ways of thinking about literary studies. In the article 'Individualni styl a vyznamova vystavba literarniho dila' (Individual Style and the Semantic Structure of a Work of Literature, 1975) he linked the question of subjects in lyric verse to ideas in stylistics and the theory of interpretation. With his theory of subjects in lyric verse, set forth in the articles 'Halasova sebeosloveni' (Halas's forms of self-address, 1985) and 'Sebeosloveni v lyrice' (Self-address in the lyric, 1991), Cervenka moves towards perspectitives of communication. He is concerned with current theory of fiction in the volume 'Fikcnimi svety lyriky' (Fictional Worlds of Lyric Verse, 2003), which, according to this article, was an impulse to methodological considerations about a model of literary history, which would link involvement in interpreting a text with its contextualization from the perspective of literary history.
5
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Transduction as an alternative to intertextuality in the realm of fictional worlds

86%
Fořt B.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2012
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vol. 73
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issue 4
366-367
EN
The investigation of intertextuality in the Czech scholarly milieu is traditionally demarcated by the Bakhtinian-Kristevan “broad” approach on the one hand, and by the Nitra School’s “technical” approach on the other. Nevertheless, it seems that one of the few Czech contributions to the topic, embodied in Lubomír Doležel’s conception of fictional worlds, namely in the notion of transduction, remains relatively unused. The theory of fictional worlds has taught us that fictional texts can be investigated not only as such but also on the level of the fictional worlds they underlie. The connections between literary works can thus be viewed against the background of all of the parts and procedures connected with a specific form of literary communication. Thus, an important aspect which is usually omitted by the classics of intertextuality is accented: the pragmatic aspect of the functioning of literary works. This aspect is implemented in the concept of transduction which actually enables literary scholars to investigate these relationships not only on the textual level (the intensional structures of fictional worlds), but also, equally importantly, on the level of story-worlds (the extensional structures of fictional worlds).
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