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THE KABILE 'FEAST HOUSE' AND ITS FLOOR TILES (Kabiles 'Dziru nams' un ta gridas flizes)

100%

Dirveiks I.

Makslas Vesture un Teorija

2003

vol. 1

39-41

This material focuses on a two-floor building located at the centre of the Kabile (Kabillen) manor complex in Kurzeme. The peculiar name 'Roe House' seemingly points to the function of keeping roes in the building. The brick building with four-pitched, tiled roof is a unique typological and architectonic example dating from the 17th century. The ground floor is vaulted and contains a decorated part of stove heating system, so far called a fire-place and dating from the 2nd half of the 17th century. The first floor features a wooden ceiling above the beam construction, later complemented by decorative ceiling made of yellow profiled boards. The floor covered with clay tiles has survived from the 2nd half of the 17th century. Several tiles feature imprints where two subjects can be discerned. One consists of two figures, a tree trunk and two dogs or wolves. The other displays a knight on horseback with a whip in his hands. The origins of imprints are unclear. They could be made by some 16th-century wooden object because sides of imprints have retained signs of wooden tissue. The Kabile 'Feast House' has no close analogies in Latvia. After the Nordic War, during the 2nd quarter of the 18th century, manor ensembles acquired more open layout. The new manor house in Kabile was more representative and adequate to the new circumstances - the old Feast House became outdated and presumably was used for household needs of storing grain and spirits. In the 1950s and 1960s mechanic workshops were housed in this building. The original window openings of the first floor were broken out. Additional openings caused wall deformation and water tank set up in the loft seriously damaged the roof construction. And yet the building will persist because since 2002 it has a proprietor who has carried out the most urgent restoration works. This object is still to be explored in respect to the history of the Kabile manor, especially concerning the less-known 17th century and the landlord Berch's family who was the former owner.

MEDIEVAL CERAMIC FLOOR TILES FROM DROHICZYN, STOLPIE, CHELM AND PRZEMYSL (Sredniowieczne ceramiczne plytki posadzkowe z Drohiczyna, Stolpia, Chelma i Przemysla)

88%

Wajda S.

Archeologia Polski

2009

vol. 54

issue 1

83-119

The floor tiles are discusses with the objective of identifying the products and reconstructing their manufacturing process. The centers in question were important in the Middle Ages, objects of rivalry between the Ruthenian and Piast princes. The tiles from Przemysl originated specifically from either Przemysl - Castle or Zasanie (site 89), where the remains of a pottery manufacturing workshop were discovered. With the exception of one example excavated at the fort (site 2), the ceramic tiles from Drohiczyn came from a surface survey carried out before World War II. At Chelm the tiles were uncovered on site 144 and from 11-13 Lubelska Street. In Stolpie, the tiles were found in layers connected with the first two phases of a tower complex located there. The tiles in question are dated to the end of the 12th/beginning of the 13th c. through the middle of the 14th c. The tiles from Chelm and Stolpie were produced from ferruginous and kaolin clays. In most cases, tile thickness oscillated around 2.5 cm; moreover, some of the tiles from Stolpie were about 3.5 cm thick and had narrower edges. The overall shape was that of an elongated rectangle. The only two whole tiles came from Drohiczyn have a sharper angle of beveling and are all coated with brown glaze. The tiles were made most probably in moulds devoid of a bottom part. The mould was filled with a ceramic mass and the face leveled. The underside of the tiles often shows post-production traces, like a sand bed or tool marks which are witness to prying a given piece from a moulding table. Items from different centers differ in dimensions, angle of beveling of the sides and shape: the Przemysl tiles are relatively thin (about 2.1 cm), seldom exceeding 2.5 cm, and they are on the whole unglazed; tiles from Zasanie look like production waste; tiles found at Przemysl Castle are like those from the pottery workshop site. It should be noted, however, that the tiles from the Castle can be both triangular and probably rectangular in shape, while those from the settlement are solely rectangular. The analyses demonstrated most of the tiles to be coated with a non-alkaline lead glaze. The glaze of tiles from Chelm and Drohiczyn belong to the lead-lime-silica type. Among the Przemysl tiles, one example of an alkaline lead-potassium-lime-silica glaze was recorded. The use of a lead-potassium recipe is believed to be typical of Early Medieval Ruthenian glass-making. The Stolpie and Chelm tiles form the most homogeneous sets. Some of the tiles from Stolpie demonstrated a chemical composition of the glaze very similar to that of the tiles from Castle Hill in Przemysl. Even so, the tiles from Przemysl are chronologically later; hence there is no reason to seek any direct contacts or influence. The same is true of the tiles made in Chelm and Drohiczyn - they differ in morphology as much as in the chemical composition of the glaze. Drohiczyn has yielded none of the kaolin-clay tiles that predominate in Chelm and Stolpie. Indeed, Drohiczyn appears to have been a separate center producing glazed pottery as indicated by finds of glazed vessels. Dendrograms illustrating the similarities in glaze composition of the floor tiles and pottery vessels from Chelm and Stolpie, as well as from Przemysl indicate a similar glaze recipe applied in the production of both categories of objects. The tiles from the sites appear to have the nearest parallels among finds from present-day Belarus and Ukraine. Figs 6, tables 2.

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1 Archeologia Polski

1 Makslas Vesture un Teorija

1 Dirveiks I.

1 Wajda S.

1 2009

1 2003

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THE KABILE 'FEAST HOUSE' AND ITS FLOOR TILES (Kabiles 'Dziru nams' un ta gridas flizes)

MEDIEVAL CERAMIC FLOOR TILES FROM DROHICZYN, STOLPIE, CHELM AND PRZEMYSL (Sredniowieczne ceramiczne plytki posadzkowe z Drohiczyna, Stolpia, Chelma i Przemysla)