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Zarządzanie i Finanse
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2012
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vol. 1
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issue 1
pages: 263-272
EN
Foreign Direct Investment phenomena is recently taking important place for the Polish economy area. The article presents issues concerning the inflow of foreign direct investment to Poland and the role of foreign investors in the economy. The authors’ suggest possible solutions of encouraging entrepreneurs to invest in Poland.
EN
The mechanism of realization of Kyoto Protocol to Scope Convention of United Nations about the change of climate in Ukraine has been considered. The attempt of exposure of possibility of the drawing of foreign investments and the forming of additional financial resources in the economy of the country has been carried out.
EN
The Ukrainian economy's investment needs are far greater than the possibilities of meeting them. This situation could be improved by means of attracting foreign investments. However, the investment climate, especially in agriculture and food sector, is not very favourable due, mainly, to the absence of clearly formulated fundamental legal regulations, unstable political and macroeconomic situation, the lack of state guarantees and business ethics, and negative opinions about the results of efforts launched to reform the Ukrainian economy.
EN
The more of the world economy globalize and the role of FDI increases. FDI have impact on development of regions and they decrease the differences between them. Although the number of FDI in Poland increases rapidly, the total value of them do not have enough influence on Polish economy growth. Considering the number of FDI, from early 90ís Poland has been a leader among other countries of Middle-East Europe. The main factor of the FDI flow was the transformation of economy system, what established law, economic and infrastructure condition. Membership in the OECD (1996) helped Poland in setting up all the procedures and law system optimal for foreign investors. The attractiveness of Poland increased under the influence of becoming a member of the NATO (1999) and the EU (2004).
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THE SIGNIFICANCE OD BORDERS FOR THE FLOW OF CAPITAL

80%
EN
The article is an attempt to trace the changing role of international borders in the international flow of capital in the form of direct foreign investments (DFI). Borders understood in the conventional sense as factors hindering a free migration of investments (disruption of optimal allocation) but at the same time also vindicating the existence of many capital flows (the motive of availing oneself of broadly understood differences) seem to be losing significance. However, what is being observed is the growing role of informal, 'soft' and tacit borders that render the making of full profit impossible. They can be particularly painful in the case of knowledge-seeking investments made in clusters. Narrow specialization accompanied by a hermetic character of many such clusters is a major barrier in the activity of foreign business entities. Contrary to state borders, this barrier cannot be lifted by means of imposed administrative decisions.
EN
It is shown that at the beginning of the third stage of modern world economic and financial crisis the economy of Hungary already was in a state of stagnation. The coalition government of socialists and free democrats, that stands at the helm of the country since 2002, did not conduct in good time reforms in relation to limitation of volumes of consumption, increasing of volumes of profits of the state budget. Financing of all increasing necessities, both of the population and charges on development of infrastructure and export of capital took place due to the external borrowings. As a result, to the end of 2008 after a number of economic indicators (growth of GDP, national debt, deficit of budget and others) Hungary found herself on the last place among former post-socialist countries of Central Europe. The analysis of problems of growth of external debt and external investments embraces a period to the beginning of world financial crisis.
EN
Theoretical aspects and the main vectors of investment activity in Ukraine have been analyzed. The problems and instruments of the investment activity strengthening with the purpose of foreign capital attraction into the Ukrainian economy have been determined. Advantages of direct foreign investments have been determined. Impact of the foreign capital on economic development of Ukraine has been analyzed and for its assessment a set of indicators has been offered. Priority regions concerning attraction of foreign investments into Ukraine have been determined.
EN
The main function of the foreign investments is to attract the real capital into the national economy. The state and problems of investment into Ukrainian economy have been considered. A number of aspects (political, social, technical, technological) have been outlined that stipulate the Ukrainian economy integration into world economic space. The attention has been paid to the fact that the achievement of real structure shift in the national economy, its technical and technological improvement demands favorable investment climate for the foreign investor. Budget investment improvement, bank credit extension, stock market further development have been offered.
EN
The competition for the economic development is becoming crueller global and any methods could be essential for it. In this situation, the immigration is a loss of economic resources for the country, but it could be turned into a valuable external source of human resources, if the country has a well developed long run strategy targeted to diaspora. The country with huge diaspora is better to build its diaspora directed strategy on creation of ownership among them toward economic development of their home country. In this case diaspora could be turned into huge pool of external human resources for the home country. It is foreign trade promotion tool for the guest and home countries as well, if the economy of the guest country has this need. The activities of the Government of Armenia targeted on Diaspora possibly could be not considered as cautiously, continuously and strategically developed one taking into consideration more than 8 million Armenian spread all over the world. In most cases Diaspora involvements of home country development were Diaspora driven and the steps taken by the Government of Armenia could not be assessed as a proactive.
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