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1

Okoliczności i motywy sakralnych fundacji sapieżyńskich w XVII wieku

100%
Gryko‑Andrejuk B.
Studia Podlaskie
|
2012
|
vol. 20
75-90
EN
Te reasons for the establishment of Sapieha Foundations were widely understood religious motifs, which were to prove the benefactor’s piety and fervor of faith. Te Sapiehas were guided by the desire to multiply and spread God’s glory. Te Sapieha Foundations were established mainly within the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. It was a religiously and culturally diversified area and, due to this, the character of the foundations was also a kind of manifestation of the fight against the Orthodox and Protestant Churches, being, at the same time, competitive to these rites. Moreover, foundation acts were votive offerings made by the benefactor for achieved victories. Religious zeal, a will to help the needy and widely understood religious motifs are not the only reasons for establishing sacral foundations. They were also accompanied by the will to show one’s grandeur and prestige. Apart from church foundations, the Sapiehas also initiated secular ones: hospitals, dowries for poor maidens and schools. Establishing a foundation, laymen were apparently guided by the will to do something good or useful and to support the poor. What is more, such activity manifested the need to care about social issues. In many cases, just through foundations, the Sapiehas thus designated themselves burial places even though the deceased’s will was not always fulfilled. Trough a number of sacral foundations, their size and location in the state and city, the Sapiehas tried to strengthen the family’s prestige. For the Sapiehas, the founded object became an important source of prestige, a proof of wealth and a visible symbol of power, which was an indispensable determinant of a social position and status. Founding sacral objects was becoming a certain kind of social obligation among the magnates. It was one of the most important ways of maintaining one’s own social status.
2

STUDY OF FOUNDATIONS IN UKRAINE FROM THE ELEVENTH TO EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES AND THEIR PRESERVATION AND CONSERVATION METHODS: EXPERIENCES

88%
Orlenko M., Ivashko Y., Kobylarczyk J., Kuśnierz-Krupa D.
Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo
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2022
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vol. 10
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issue 1
33 – 51
EN
This paper is a report on experience collected during archaeological studies of structures in the territory of Ukraine. It discusses the archaeological study of architectural monuments over the period of the operation of the Ukrrestavratsiia Corporation and presents the observation that most known varieties of masonry systems, featuring different combinations of materials and mortars, were observed in findings dated to the period of the Kyivan Rus, and that the list of foundation schemes present was limited to a few types. It was also found that of the schemes observed, the Old Russian scheme displayed an evolution. The study also highlights the significance of the role of foundation musealisation in the restoration and reconstruction of damaged architectural monuments.
3
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Kształcenie kadr organizacji pozarządowych na przykładzie sektora nowosądeckiego

75%
Hajduk Ł., Nosek B.
Rocznik Andragogiczny
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2012
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vol. R. 2012
347-358
EN
The article entitled Education of NGO’s members on the basis of research in third sector in the Nowosądecki district, is focusing on needs which has got the members of associations and foundations. In the text besides theoretical considerations about the third sector are presented the results of author’s research which were taken in 2012 on Nowosądecki district. Authors draw attention how important for adult education are training which are organized by non-governmental organizations. From the quality of the training- the selection of the content, form, duration, size and composition of the group - depends not only on the functioning of the organization but also regional development and consequently the development of the country.
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