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AID ARCHITECTURE - THE PROBLEM OF AID PROLIFERATION AND FRAGMENTATION (Architektura pomocy rozwojowej - problem proliferacji i fragmentacji)

100%
Nowik M.
Ekonomia - Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu
|
2011
|
issue 1(13)
121-130
EN
Contemporary aid architecture is a highly compound set of rules and institutions that governs aid flows to developing countries. It is a result of evolution process that begun after World War II and keeps evolving in an uncoordinated way. Two major trends are to be distinguished in the course of the process i.e. aid proliferation and aid fragmentation. According to IDA definition this paper associates proliferation with the number of donor channels providing ODA to a given recipient country, and fragmentation with the number of donor-funded activities as well as their average value. The aim of this paper is to present the scope and evolution of aid proliferation and fragmentation phenomena, to indicate consequences on aid effectiveness and to discuss recent donor led activities to prevent and mitigate further development of the trends. The main conclusions of the paper are as follows: aid fragmentation and proliferation is a consequence of lack of coordination among donor activities and focuses on particular interest of the parties. There has been clearly visible intensification of both phenomena since the fall of the Berlin Wall. The research based on Hirschman-Herfindahl index as well as qualitative studies indicate profound negative consequences of the phenomena on aid effectiveness. They erode the capacity of public administration of a recipient country, diminish the value of aid and hinder economic growth. International community of donor and recipients of development assistance undertake activities to mitigate and prevent. The most important so far is the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness. An operationalisation of the ideas of alignment and harmonisation is the main response to the problem. The declaration introduces specific, measurable targets to track progress in field of eradication aid proliferation and fragmentation.
2
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ETABLOVANÉ STRANY V OBLEŽENÍ: REKONSTRUKCE ČESKÉHO STRANICKÉHO SYSTÉMU OD 2010

75%
Charvát J.
Annales Scientia Politica
|
2015
|
vol. 4
|
issue 2
19 – 32
EN
The paper deals with the question of party system change in the Czech Republic since the 2010 parliamentary elections. Although at least since the mid-1990s the Czech party system was considered to be one of the most stable party systems in the CEE countries, since the 2010 elections the Czech party system has been undergoing major transformation of its format and structure, mainly because of a drastic change of voter behaviour in the 2010 and 2013 parliamentary elections.
3

TOWARD A META-THEORY OF TERRITORIAL FRAGMENTATION

63%
Jakab D. B.
Tarsadalomkutatas (Social Science Research)
|
2008
|
vol. 25
|
issue 2
227-266
EN
Meanwhile European studies and other social sciences focused enormously on the topic of integration, scientists paid little or no attention to elaborate general models, to explain and to bridge the well known and various forms of disintegration. In the ambiance of the failed states spread all over the globe, economic globalization, and welfare nationalism are the hallmarks of a fragmented era. After the post-cold war optimism faded away for a 'new world order', fragmentation became the great narrative of social sciences and the media. The second main purpose of the paper is to reduce the several fragmentation theories to the best manageable few models. As a result the author found that the several articles written on the topic belong to one of four models, based on social change, homeostatic equilibrium, human will, or resource management. He thinks the usefulness of model formation exceeds the benefits of scientific systematization. It will surely contribute to the future dialogue of these many theories of a nascent literature. Discontented with the apparent incommensurability of the four basic models, the main purpose was to find a single theory which is able to bridge the gap between short and long term forms and event-based or macro sociological perspectives of fragmentation. At the moment he found that it is the structuration theory and constructivism that offer the best way for such a synthesis. The principal message of his paper is that the new meaning of fragmentation, aiming at social change, or even emancipation, goes far beyond the traditional interpretations which portrayed this issue derogatory as an irreversible organic decomposition, chaos, retrogression.
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