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1

KRITIKA BROWNOVEJ KONCEPCIE NENÁVISTNÉHO PREJAVU

100%
Kuna M.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2020
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vol. 75
|
issue 2
77 – 90
EN
This paper presents and evaluates Brown’s analysis of the concept of hate speech. His analysis is seen as a valuable contribution to the discussion about the adequate definition of the term hate speech as an ordinary concept, which Brown understands as an equivocal idiom and family resemblance concept. However, as far as the concept of hate speech as a legal term is concerned and especially when the possible impact of Brown’s conception on the legal regulation of hate speech is taken into account it suggests that Brown’s approach appears problematic. Indeed, in the sphere of legal (especially criminal) regulation of hate speech the rule of law requires to respect the principle of legal certainty, i.e. to make every effort to define the term hate speech as a legal concept as univocally as possible. This is due to the fact that criminal regulation of hate speech poses potentially a serious threat to freedom of expression as a fundamental right of democratic citizenship.
2
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Parrhesia v Prvním Janově listu

100%
Heryán L.
Studia theologica
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2010
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vol. 12
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issue 3
63-79
EN
Parrhesia was a right of a free Greek citizen to express his opinion in public meetings and trials. The gradual decline of parrhesia in the judicial and political environment in conjunction with decline of democracy led to a strengthening of its meaning and its shift into the moral domain. The use of the term in the Septuagint usually has a religious undertone or context. It expresses often the relationship of men toward God. The use of the term in the First Epistle of John is very close to its use in the Septuagint. Parrhesia occurs in the First Epistle of John four times. In 1 John 2:28 it means the trust of those who 'stay' in Christ and in a way, it can be identified with this 'staying'. In 1 John 3:21 parrhesia-trust is an attempt to overcome existential moral doubt before God. Parrhesia in 1 John 4:17 brings its content close to perfect love as a result of the identity of Johannine disciples as God's children. Parrhesia in 1 John 5:14 is an existential statement of a Christian's life in God and before God.
3

A NONCONFORMIST APPROACH TO THE PROBLEMS OF CENSORSHIP AND FREEDOM OF SPEECH (RUSSIAN AND POLISH) IN COMPARATIVE STUDIES BY ALEKSANDER SWIETOCHOWSKI (Polish title below)

100%
Balabuch H.
Klio. Czasopismo poświęcone dziejom Polski i powszechnym
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2011
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issue 2(17)
71-95
EN
(Polish title: Nonkonformistyczne ujecie problematyki cenzury i wolnosci slowa (zaborczej i polskiej) w komparatystyce Aleksandra Swietochowskiego). In 1926, in 'Mysl Narodowa', Aleksander Swietochowski wrote among others: 'For almost fifty years my spirit has endured the torture of Russian censorship, suffering torments, and yet I felt less terror then than I do now.' Such a comparison of the Russian censorship (foreign) to the Polish one (native), favourable to the former, was seen by many as highly controversial. Was it a valid comparison? Can foreign censorship be judged according to different criteria than the native one? Which criteria can one apply to the very phenomenon of censorship in general? The problem of freedom of speech and censorship took up a special place in Swietochowski's literary production: as a writer, publicist, editor and publisher he had to face numerous instances of the restrictions imposed on the freedom of speech. He used to draw attention, not only to the institutional censorship but also to the informal pressure exerted by the clerical and conservative circles. Following the concepts of Jurgen Habermas and Pierre Bourdieu this article aims to conceptualise the sphere of the freedom of speech presented in the writings of Aleksander Swietochowski.
4

Restraining the Information Dissemination on the Internet

75%
Gabris T., Kovar L.
Communication Today
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2013
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vol. 4
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issue 2
6-20
EN
Restriction of information dissemination on the Internet has various facets and follows various goals. In general, in democracies, it is only allowed upon meeting the standards of balanced rights, freedoms and overriding interests – freedom of expression/speech on the one hand and the protection of rights and freedoms of other human beings or public interest on the other. Proportionality has to be always taken into account in order not to disproportionately affect (limit) fundamental rights. Besides governmental restrictions, private restriction of information dissemination is also present, performed by religious groups, both public and private mass media and private individuals and corporations. Two types of restrictions – technical and non-technical can be discerned. From another point of view, self-censorship, or internal restriction can also be distinguished as opposed to external restrictions. Finally, preventive and repressive restrictions are being applied.
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