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EN
Poland occupies the penultimate place (39) among the countries with the highest Human Development Index in the United Nations ranking concerning the quality of life. However, in comparison to the situation from previous years, Poland has achieved impressive civilization promotion which led to double increase the value of real gross domestic product in the last two decades. An important role in maintaining the economic growth in Poland has played a well-functioning financial market, which was reactivated after almost half a century break. During transformation period in Poland financial market has developed rapidly and faster than the real economy. However, the economic indicators which describe the potential strength of financial institutions in Poland are worse than in the Czech Republic and Hungary, which lead to social turbulences and as a result high percentage of Poles is affected by financial exclusion. The main aim of these considerations is to diagnose the reasons that cause the phenomenon of financial exclusion, identify the threats of rapidly increasing dependence of the banking sector and other institutional sectors of the Polish economy from the financial supply from external sources.
PL
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest wskazanie relacji, jakie zachodzą między zjawiskiem nadmiernego zadłużania się i wykluczenia finansowego, szczególnie bankowego. Dla jego realizacji niezbędne będzie nakreślenie rozmiarów zadłużenia gospodarstw domowych oraz wykluczenia finansowego w Polsce, a następnie identyfikacja przyczyn i skutków obu zjawisk, ze wskazaniem na powiązania między nimi.
EN
Awareness of the scale of financial exclusion and over-indebtedness and, above all, of the negative consequences of what they involve on a micro-economic scale for individual households, as well as on a macro-economic scale for the whole national economy is not reflected in considerations on the basis of identification of the interdependencies and concomitance of both phenomena. The purpose of this article is to indicate relationships between the phenomenon of over-indebtedness and financial exclusion, especially banking exclusion. In particular, this paper will explore the size of household debt and financial exclusion in Poland, and then the recognition of the causes and consequences of both phenomena with an identification of the common areas. An examination of the socioeconomic profiles of people facing over-indebtedness and those facing financial exclusion and an analysis of the whole process of households becoming over-indebted or financially excluded shows that these two terms are closely related and strongly interact with other.
EN
The aim of the paper is to determine the scale and the level of the phenomenon of financial exclusion (with a special focus on the Baltic Sea countries) as one of significant barriers to socio-economic development of contemporary economies. This paper is also an attempt at defining reasons behind the phenomenon and at identifying groups which are most prone to financial exclusion.(fragment of text)
EN
The research topic undertaken in this article is focused on financial exclusion and ways to minimize this problem. Analysis offers in para-banking institution leads to conclusion that some of them through their offers and activities for reducing financial marginalization is viewed more positively on the financial market. The author decided to focus special attention to the activities of Cooperative Savings and Credit Unions which strategy and local activities help to reduce financial exclusion.
PL
W ostatnim numerze półrocznika "Ekonomia Społeczna" mieli Państwo możliwość zapoznania się z napisaną przez prof. dr hab. Jerzego Hausnera przedmową do polskiego wydania książki Muhammada Yunusa Przedsiębiorstwo społeczne. Kapitalizm dla ludzi. W niniejszym artykule chciałabym przedstawić bliżej koncepcję laureata Pokojowej Nagrody Nobla oraz wpływ, jaki wywarła na poprawę losu ubogich na całym świecie. Celem artykułu nie jest ocena istniejących instytucji finansowych ani systemu finansowego per se.(abstrakt oryginalny)
EN
The last issue of Ekonomia Społeczna included Jerzy Hausner's preface to a Polish extract of Building Social Business: The Grameen Bank. In this article, the ideas of the Nobel Peace Prize winner as well as their impacts on the improvement of the lot of poor people worldwide are discussed in more detail. The article does not to aim to assess existing financial institutions or financial systems themselves. (original abstract)
EN
Financial exclusion can result from incorrect everyday financial risk management. It refers to those individuals who, as a result of financial decisions made in different market conditions, or suffering unfortunate life circumstances, have become excessively indebted and their material status has suddenly deteriorated. In such situation they turn out unattractive for banks and thus suffer exclusion from the financial system. The objective of the article is to present the importance of responsible loan decisions made by households - one of the stakeholder groups of responsible finance - in counteracting financial exclusion. The condition for undertaking a correct loan decision is the access to adequate information as well as having knowledge and financial skills which allow to take proper advantage of such information.
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