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Stylistyka
|
2020
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vol. 29
411-423
EN
The article concerns the formation of a religious style in Christian Latin texts dating from the 4th century of our era. First of all, the style of religious treatises of two authors Firmicus Maternus and Filaster of Brescia, living in the second half of the 4th century, is discussed. The combinations in the same text of a pluralistic philosophical discourse with the unconditional promotion of Christian and Catholic doctrine are of particular interest. For instance, to tighten or soften the message, Firmicus Maternus used Latin pronouns hic, haec, hoc and iste, ista, istud. Saint Filaster of Brescia, on the other hand, began each description of heresy in the style characteristic of descriptions of the lives and views of famous philosophers as if they were suggestions to choose, emphasizing simultaneously that Catholic doctrine was the only true one.
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2018
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vol. 66
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issue 3: Filologia klasyczna
65-78
EN
The issues of religious tolerance and intolerance of Christianity in the fourth century AD deserve a rereading with the inclusion of new results of historical, cultural and literary studies. The article will evaluate the religious discourse of Firmicus Maternus and the assessment of the writings and activity of Saint Filaster by the descendants. Both writers were original writers in the Christian environment of the 4th century. The first one, instead of entering into theological disputes that dominated Christian literature of this period, does not hesitate to express his firm views on the bloody rites of various cults perceived by him as a great personal, social and state threat. The second one, in the description of differences in understanding of Christianity, sees not only evil but disturbances of consciousness. Both will be judged by the descendants as those who have seen that people who seek in the field of religion do not always deliberately seek evil but they may err and succumb to illusions.
PL
Kwestiom tolerancji i nietolerancji religijnej chrześcijaństwa w IV wieku po Chr. należy się nowe odczytaniem przede wszystkim z ujęciem nowych wyników badań historyczno-kulturowych i literaturoznawczych. W artykule został poddany ocenie dyskurs religijny zwłaszcza Firmicusa Maternusa oraz ocena pisarstwa i działalności św. Filastra przez potomnych. Obaj twórcy byli oryginalnymi pisarzami w środowisku chrześcijańskim IV wieku. Pierwszy zamiast wchodzić w spory teologiczne, które zdominowały literaturę chrześcijańską tego okresu, nie waha się wyrazić zdecydowanych poglądów wobec krwawych obrzędów różnych kultów, postrzeganych przezeń jako duże zagrożenie osobiste, społeczne i państwowe. Drugi w opisie różnic rozumienia chrześcijaństwa widzi nie tylko zło, ale zaburzenia świadomości. Obaj przez potomnych zostaną ocenieni jako ci, którzy dostrzegli, iż ludzie poszukujący w zakresie religii, nie zawsze świadomie dążą do zła, ale mogą błądzić i ulegać złudzeniom (παρερμηνεiαι, hallucinationes, errores).
EN
The traditional view of the cause of Plotinus’ death was leprosy. The analysis of the biographical sources, however, point to another hypothesis, that of „Cyprian’s plague”. The last months of Plotinus life and work coincided with the end of this great ancient pandemic and he produced four treatises, focused primarily on ethical problems. The last treatise, On the primal Good (1.7) is a short and concentrated meditation on the First Principle and the soul’s ascent to it.
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