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A burial with a stamp seal depicting a Bes-like figure from Abusir

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Dulíková V., Odler M., Březinová H., Havelková P.
Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)
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2015
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issue 15
69-75
EN
In the autumn of 2010, a humble intact burial in a reed coffin was found during the excavation of the Old Kingdom stone mastaba of the chief physician Neferherptah (AS 65) at Abusir South. The burial was positioned directly on the superstructure of Neferherptah’s tomb. The body of a more than fifty-year-old woman had been wrapped in linen, as indicated by eight fragments of fabric. The only burial equipment of the deceased consisted of a mud brick used as a headrest and a pyramidal stamp seal with a Bes-shaped figure on its base found on the breastbone. This latest addition to the corpus of stamp seals represents the first amulet of its type to come from a documented primary archaeological context at the Memphite necropolis. Although this tiny find is small in size, it is of particular importance for the study of the burial customs and beliefs of the lower social strata in the Memphite necropolis. The seal most probably provides one of the earliest examples of iconographical evidence for the archetype of the god later known as Bes. Some of the archaeological material from the excavations was destroyed during the Egyptian revolution in 2011. The remaining material is examined in this paper, together with an anthropological and textile report.
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The unusual writings of the name of the god Duamutef in the First Intermediate Period and the Middle Kingdom

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Semenenko I., Hereikhanova D.
Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)
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2022
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issue 28
122-150
EN
The First Intermediate Period and the beginning of Middle Kingdom witnessed many important changes in almost all areas of ancient Egyptian reality. One of the most important innovations is the introduction in the provinces of a vast and diverse corpus of ritualistic texts known as Coffin Texts. Nearly a century long inde pendent development of the provinces and the Memphite region caused some important differences in their funerary culture. Re unification of Egypt by Mentuhotep II quickened the process of the cultural exchange between the provinces and the Memphite region. The study based on the 67 items from the First Intermediate Period and the Middle Kingdom reveals the development of various writings of the name of the canine god Duamutef. The two major writings are highlighted – one normal including the sign, and another cryp tographic, in which the sign is being replaced by the hand signs and later . For the sake of com parison, the evolution of the name of Iunmutef is considered, which performs the similar phenomenon. The paper sets forth the possible reasons for it and traces the subsequent standardization of the divinity’s name during the reign of Senwosret III up to the reign of Autibre Hor I in the early Thirteenth Dynasty.
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