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1

Les grands projets de réseaux routiers tchécoslovaques entre rêve et réalité (1918–1938)

100%

Oliva J.

Prager wirtschafts- und sozialhistorische Mitteilungen - Prague Economic and Social History Papers

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2015

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vol. 21

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issue 1

42-54

EN

Czechoslovakia was planning (and it also managed to carry out during the First Republic) many big public constructions. There were also transport infrastructures, such as railroads, airport, waterways and road infrastructure. The functioning transport infrastructure was naturally deemed as the basic element for building of the new Czechoslovak state, being it not only from the political, but also economic point of view. This entry is focused on the road network the importance of which was not appreciated in between the wars as much when compared to the railways. In spite of that important changes were being made, being it both in planning and construction processes. The entry presents five major projects that reflect new tendencies both from a technical and political point of view. Their objective was to design for the state a new road infrastructure that would contribute to a political unity of the country, establish new economic relationships among particular districts and first and foremost connect the republic to the European road network. These five examples at the same time illustrate a particular atmosphere of that time, the visions of engineers, technologists and road specialists who were, in a way, philosophers or traffic networks.

2

Komunistická mládež. Radikální aktivismus mezi třídní a nacionální identitou

88%

Melichar B., Vrba J.

Historie – Otázky – Problémy (History, Issues, Problems)

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2017

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vol. 9

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issue 2

103-121

EN

This study focuses on Communist youth in the First Czechoslovak Republic and shows the importance it had for the Communist Party (KSČ). Against a background describing the organisation of the youth movement in the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia the authors analyse the party propaganda discourse constructing the class-based international identity as a bedrock of desirable political consciousness. KSČ was the only interwar party in the Czechoslovak Republic to welcome to its ranks members of all ethnic groups living in its territory. The constructed class identity generated tension with international identity as illustrated with an example of young Germans.

3

Historiografie a politika v předválečném Československu (Pfitzner — Pekař). Diskusní příspěvek

88%

Fapšo M.

Historie – Otázky – Problémy (History, Issues, Problems)

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2014

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vol. 6

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issue 1

157-165

EN

This study focuses on the ideological link between Czech and German historiography during the First Czechoslovak Republic. The general subject is exemplified by the case of Josef Pekař and Josef Pfitzner, who were high-profile representatives of the field at that time. The study also articulates the hidden presumptions behind both historiansʼ concepts of history, thus presenting a platform on which a nationally oriented exposition of the epoch can be surpassed and new research questions on the First Republic can be opened up within a broader framework.

4

The Credit Registration Centre and Efforts to Organise Credit Registers in Czechoslovakia in the First Half of the 20th Century

88%

Kunert J.

Prager wirtschafts- und sozialhistorische Mitteilungen - Prague Economic and Social History Papers

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2017

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issue 26

19-33

EN

The present paper considers the creation of an institution that was intended to reduce the credit risk that the Czechoslovak financial institutions faced at the time of the first Czechoslovak Republic. Through sharing of debtors’ records, a central credit records office sought to eliminate those who successfully exploited the financial institutions’ competitive environment and drew on more than one credit facility. The idea of limiting the risk to creditors, monetary institutions, by means of sharing some of the information about their clients had emerged at the time of the AustroHungarian Empire. After the establishment of the republic, the financial institutions became aware of the positive aspects of the credit records system and strove to institute it at national level. At first, interest in it was evinced by the major banks, which in this way tried to reverse the predatory acquisition policy pursued by the newly established banks. The requirement for the creation of a nationwide credit records database was also incorporated in the Act on the Bank of Issue. However, there was a delay of ten years compared with the establishment of the Czechoslovak National Bank in 1926. Nevertheless, a number of local associations of financial institutions were created on a private basis, and they shared data on their debtors. The paper focuses on the attitudes of the financial institutions regarding the nature, extent and obligatory nature of the national debtors’ register and the causes of the delayed implementation. In the conclusion it also deals with the functioning of the system until its dismantling in 1950 when its existence was no longer warranted due to the existence of a single bank providing short-term loans.

5

K československé parlamentní kultuře v letech 1935–1938

88%

Wintr J.

Historie – Otázky – Problémy (History, Issues, Problems)

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2014

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vol. 6

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issue 1

166-180

EN

This paper deals with National Assembly Chamber of Deputies public meetings in the fourth electoral period (1935–1938) as recorded in shorthand minutes, attempting to depict particular characteristic features of parliamentary culture at that time. After a brief introduction and a presentation of individual items from the Rules of Procedure it focuses in particular on the frequency and progress of important parliamentary debates.

6

Competitors in the Same Boat. Business Strategies of the Leading Players on the Czechoslovak and Austrian Cement Markets (1918–1938)

88%

Gecko T.

Prager wirtschafts- und sozialhistorische Mitteilungen - Prague Economic and Social History Papers

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2016

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vol. 23

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issue 1

76-96

EN

The paper aims to broaden the understanding of the business strategies of leading players on the Czechoslovak and Austrian cement markets between 1918 and 1938. It also aims to expand the empirical knowledge regarding the state interventionism, monopolization of the market and its cartelization. First, the paper outlines the structural characteristics of the interwar Austrian and Czechoslovak cement industry. The peculiarity of the cement industry in comparison with other dominant branches of heavy industry in Central Europe (engineering, metallurgy, chemical industry etc.) lies in the specificity of inputs and outputs, which are significantly influenced by the geographic location of the cement plant. Next, the paper compares the business strategies of dominant players on both markets (Králův Dvůr in Czechoslovakia and Perlmoos in Austria). Both cement plants responded to the structural changes after the dissolution of the Austria-Hungary quite differently, which closely corresponded with the structural changes on both markets. Králův Dvůr preferred the path of “extensive” growth, while Perlmoos opted for more “intensive” means of development.

7

Manifestations of Anti-Semitism in Czechoslovak Silesia during the First Republic (1918–1938)

75%

Dvořák J.

Central European Papers

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2015

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vol. 3

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issue 1

36–50

EN

The study discusses the manifestations of anti-Semitism on the territory of Czech Silesia during the period of the so-called First Republic (1918–1938). It charts its evolution and outlines the motives that led to the development of anti-Semitic moods. In spite of pre-dominantly minor incidents and anti-Semitic manifestations resulting most frequently from the worsened economic situation of the non-Jewish population or from national problems omnipresent in multinational Czechoslovak Silesia, local Jews were respected by the majority society during a considerable part of the interwar period. The majority society was aware of their importance. But in the second half of the 1930s, life conditions started worsening for local Jews. Proportional to the escalating demands of Nazi Germany on cession of the Czech frontier area, anti-Semitism provoked by Nazi propaganda grew stronger. In Opavian Silesia in particular, where the German population prevailed, anti-Semitic disturbances by Nazi sympathizers grew in number. The Jews in the Těšín and Ostrava Regions could not feel completely safe at that time either. Czech and Polish radicals were not immune to accusing Jews of embracing German national consciousness, even though they were being persecuted by the Nazis. The hatred against Jews was intensified also by the influx of Jewish refugees from the Reich and later from Austria, in search of rescue from Nazi persecution. After the Munich Agreement was signed in late September 1938, there was a final turn and any remaining calmness disappeared for all Czechoslovak Jews.

8

João do Rio e a representação das crenças religiosas na obra As religiões no Rio (Rio de Janeiro – Primeira Re-pública)

63%

FORTUNA SERAFIM V., DOS SANTOS T. B.

Revista del CESLA. International Latin American Studies Review

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2015

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issue 18

143-179

PT

O presente artigo objetiva apresentar um panorama geral de como as manifestações religiosas foram representadas na obra As religiões no Rio (1906), de autoria do jornalista e literato João do Rio (1881-1921). O recorte histórico eleito para tanto consiste na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, então capital do Brasil, durante o período da Primeira República. Os aportes teóricos utilizados para tanto consistem na História Cultural, por meio de autores como Roger Chartier, Michel de Certeau e Nobert Elias. Constatou-se que no processo de se evidenciar religiões presentes no Rio de Janeiro, João do Rio operacionalizou um dualismo classificatório ao designar as experiências religiosas nos finais do século XIX e inícios do XX. De um lado estariam as de influência francesa e praticado pela elite social, de acordo com os padrões tolerados pela elite, com as ideias de higienização, “civilização”, modernização e com o medo da periculosidade da pobreza. As demais, do outro lado, e de presença marcante nas ruas do Rio de Janeiro, e em extensão às ruas de toda a República brasileira, eram aquelas representadas como sinônimo de “incivilizado” e “atraso”

EN

This article presents an overview of how religious manifestations were represented in the book As religiões no Rio (1906), written by journalist and writer João do Rio (1881-1921). The historical approach is the city Rio de Janeiro, capital of Brazil during the First Republic. The theoretical contribution used for this research is the Cultural History and authors such as Roger Chartier, Michel de Certeau e Nobert Elias. It was realized that in the process of highlighting religions in Rio de Janeiro, João do Rio operationalized a classificatory duality to designate religious experiences in the late 19th and early 20th century. On the one hand there would be religions of French influence which were professed by the social elite, whose standards encompassed principles like sanitation, “civilization”, modernization and fear of risk of poverty. On the other hand, there were those religions regarded as “uncivilized” and “undeveloped”, which had a strong presence not only in the streets of Rio de Janeiro, but of the entire Brazilian Republic

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3 Historie – Otázky – Problémy (History, Issues, Problems)

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1 Revista del CESLA. International Latin American Studies Review

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1 Dvořák J.

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1 Wintr J.

Les grands projets de réseaux routiers tchécoslovaques entre rêve et réalité (1918–1938)

Komunistická mládež. Radikální aktivismus mezi třídní a nacionální identitou

Historiografie a politika v předválečném Československu (Pfitzner — Pekař). Diskusní příspěvek

The Credit Registration Centre and Efforts to Organise Credit Registers in Czechoslovakia in the First Half of the 20th Century

K československé parlamentní kultuře v letech 1935–1938

Competitors in the Same Boat. Business Strategies of the Leading Players on the Czechoslovak and Austrian Cement Markets (1918–1938)

Manifestations of Anti-Semitism in Czechoslovak Silesia during the First Republic (1918–1938)

João do Rio e a representação das crenças religiosas na obra As religiões no Rio (Rio de Janeiro – Primeira Re-pública)