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Faktory ovlivňující dělbu domácí práce v českých domácnostech a hodnocení její spravedlnosti

100%
Chaloupkova J.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2005
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vol. 41
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issue 1
57-77
EN
The authoress draws on data from the ISSP 2002 to analyse the factors influencing the division of housework in Czech households and personal evaluations of whether the division is equitable. Drawing on economic principles (theory of relative resources, theory of temporal accessibility) and the significance of gender roles she uses a multi-linear regression analysis to examine whether the absolute or the relative temporal involvement of men and women in household work differs 1) according to the possibilities and limitations on a person's time, 2) according to their income level in comparison with their partner, and 3) according to their level of education, and whether these factors influence the way people evaluate their contribution to household work. The results show that, in addition to gender, the most important factor is temporal accessibility. As the burden of paid work grows, temporal involvement in housework declines. For women, the volume of housework is also increased by the presence of children in the family. Conversely, neither relative income nor education level is a clear predictor of the degree of involvement in housework.
2
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Pracující matky a genderové role ve výsledcích mezinárodního longitudinálního výzkumu

51%
Haskova H.
Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)
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2005
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vol. 6
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issue 1
28-30
EN
The article is based on comparative analysis of data from the international longitudinal survey ISSP 1994 and 2002 which were focused on gender roles and family. In the analysis European countries were divided on the basis of their inhabitants' opinions on gender roles in the family and working mothers. Even though employment rate of women in Eastern Europe was higher during the state socialist regime than in Western Europe, countries of the former Eastern European block formed a group with traditional (conservative) attitudes towards gender roles as well as working mothers in 1994 and in 2002. Attitudes to mother's employment turned more gender liberal during the late 1990s. Such conservatism as well as opinion shifts and changes in family behavior in the second half of 1990s are explained by specific socio-political changes and changes on the labor market on the specific case of the Czech Republic. (http://www.genderonline.cz/view.php?cisloclanku=2005122202)
3
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GENDERED HOUSEWORK. A CROSS-EUROPEAN ANALYSIS

51%
Voicu B., Voicu M., Strapcova K.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2007
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vol. 39
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issue 6
502-521
EN
The paper focuses on the factors which influence the sharing of domestic work in European countries. Many previous studies have offered explanations on the individual level, taking into account only individual characteristics when predicting a spouse's contribution to chores. Using multilevel regression models, we try to combine the individual-level and country-level factors in order to draw an explanatory model for the gendered sharing of housework within couples across the European societies. The analysis provides support for most of the theories we have tested. The resource theory and the dependency/bargaining hypothesis were confirmed: in a couple, when one of the partners has more resources or a better status, the other spouse uses relatively more hours for the housework. On the other hand, religious and gender values play an important role: the more secular and more oriented towards gender equality a couple is in thinking, the more equally the partners share their housework. However, on the average, all over the world, women spend more hours on housework than men do. The country-level indicators seem to be less important, but the societies which are more affluent, less materialist societies, post-communist societies, societies where women are more present in public life, and those where Catholicism is not the dominant religion are characterized by a more equalitarian sharing of the housework.
4

CULTURE AND GENDER IDENTITY: POLISH-ITALIAN AND POLISH-GERMAN COMPARISONS

51%
Boski P., Chojnowska M., Koziej J.
Psychological Studies
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2007
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vol. 45
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issue 2
5-20
EN
Research reported in this paper has been inspired by two different approaches to the cultural dimension of masculinity-femininity - one by Hofstede and the other by Boski. The authors' intention was to study culture of gender by measuring (i) subjective frequency distribution of gender roles in individual's social space; and (ii) gender identities with respect to these roles. The results are based on two comparative studies, conducted with use of the social roles questionnaire by Chojnowska and the value survey by Boski. The first study was carried out with samples of Polish and Italian participants, while the second was run with Polish and German subjects. Findings indicated that the social space of Poles was more feminine than that of Italians and Germans; and it held equally for domestic and for professional roles. Poles also polarized gender roles to a much larger degree than did participants of two other cultures. In the first study, Italian males turned out to have highest indices of gender identity, whereas Polish females showed highest gender identity in the Polish-German study. By strong negative correlations with cultural masculinity indices, the expected relationship between humanism and cultural femininity was also confirmed.
5

THEORIES OF FEMALE CRIME AND DELINQUENCY

44%
Biel K.
Rocznik Komisji Nauk Pedagogicznych
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2005
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issue LVIII
125-141
EN
Scienitific explanations of women's crime have often been dependent on dominant etiological systems of men's crime. The observed increased growth and the sort of crime committed by young girls and women, as well as the occurrence of young-female gangs, cause scholars to search for a reliable theory which would indicate why women are inclined to commit crime. The paper analyses the theories about women's crime that are predominant in world's literature. The author first concentrates on the early bio-psychological theories, which where the first in trying to explain the criminal behavior of women. Then the 'gender roles' and 'emancipation' theories are discussed, which help to show the historical outline. Currently, the 'power-control' theory - by John Hagan and his team, which tries to adapt the 'control' theory, plays a big role in explaining women's crime. Worthy of attention is the application of Robert Agnew's 'strain' theory to the issue. Also feminist criminology had a contribution in trying to explain the crime problem. It concentrated on the different evolvements of criminal behavior arising from the differences in gender. By focusing on the environment in which girls and women live in, particularly their victimization, it is expected that the causes of crime will be better understood. In Poland the problem of women's crime is underrepresented. The author expresses his hope, that this study will arouse interest in the matter and will also be of help in improving the 'prevention/re-socializing' methods for potential or current women offenders.
6
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Neplodnost jeho a neplodnost její: Genderové aspekty asistované reprodukce

44%
Slepickova L.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2009
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vol. 45
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issue 1
177-204
EN
This article is based on a qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews with women and men suffering from fertility problems. It analyses the negotiations between partners confronted with the diagnosis of infertility and seeking the best solution. The analysis examined how men and women define their roles in the treatment of infertility, how they perceive their partners' coping and involvement, and conflicting and controversial topics and situations. Data suggest that the burden of infertility is unequal. While treatment involves a woman fully in the physical and the psychological sense, the involvement of the man and potential father in the treatment process is reduced to his provision of genetic material on demand. The research revealed two factors that influence and separate the experiences of men and women: the different time/age frame of the reproductive experience and the physical aspect of infertility and reproduction. Both factors are anchored in the praxis of assisted reproduction. The treatment process is administered in a way that, instead of reshaping or challenging traditional definitions of parenthood or gender roles, confirms the status quo.
7
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Gender Roles and Practices in Polish Migration Families in Norway through the Eyes of Children

38%
Slany K., Strzemecka S.
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
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2015
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vol. 41
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issue 3 (157)
157–181
EN
This article is dedicated to the issues pertinent to transnational families found in children’s narratives. We seek to shed light on the under-researched area of transnational research on ‘doing family’, which is vital due to the growing number of Polish families settling abroad, deciding on ‘being together’ and choosing a family reunification strategy in their mobility projects. Embedding an entire family in the destination society has profound implications for building and maintaining family ties, also across borders, as well as for changing the shape of the everyday experience of familiality among children of immigrants. We draw a sociological portrait of the migration family, depicting the typical issues of work patterns among the parents (mothers’ and fathers’ jobs), the division of household and care labour, leisure patterns and maintenance of ties with family in Poland. Honing in on these issues facilitates the understanding of how social roles are fulfilled, and how social statuses are attained, both seen through the gender lens. Empirically, the paper is based on the Transfam project’s sub-study entitled Children’s experience of growing up transnationally. This qualitative and participatory inquiry consisted of interviews with children aged 6 to 13, born in Poland and living permanently in Norway. The methodological approach facilitated understanding children as active actors, who perceive and define their social worlds. Children were encouraged and asked to recall their migration experiences, as well as express their views on the work type, meanings, commitments and schedules of their parents.
8
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GROWING UP MULTICULTURAL: THE EXPERIENCES OF CHILDREN RAISED BY POLISH-NORWEGIAN MIXED COUPLES IN NORWAY

32%
Slany K., Strzemecka S.
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
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2017
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vol. 43
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issue 4 (166)
87–111
EN
An increase in binational relationships in the contemporary world is generating a complex web of family, relational, educational, organizational, and identification practices. The intercultural marriage contract also often gives rise to tensions and conflicts stemming from cultural, social, religious and economic differences. In all certainty, the experiences and daily lives of children in such relationships deserve special attention, and, on the basis of the Transfam research project findings, this chapter strives to fill the gap. Sociological research into binational relationships and children raised in such family configurations is predominantly framed from the adult’s perspective. Here we try to reach into the core of identified issues and approach the experience of living in a binational family from the child’s perspective as well. The multicultural experience of growing up in Norway under the guidance of interethnic parents (Polish-Norwegian) is compared to the monocultural experience of children raised by intraethnic Polish-Polish couples. This article is based on interviews with children aged 6–13, observations registered during the course of those interviews (most commonly in children’s rooms), and the Sentence Completion Test.
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