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GENDER AND SEX ASPECTS OF MULTIPLE IDENTITIES: YOUNG WOMEN AND MEN FROM BRATISLAVA AND PRAGUE HEADING TOWARD THE EU

100%
Bianchi G., Lasticova B.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2004
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vol. 36
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issue 3
293-313
EN
Previous analyses have shown that young people from Bratislava and Prague consistently show the highest indicators of gender-stereotyping and, at the same time, the lowest interest in gender-related issues from among samples from other European cities and/or regions - Edinburgh, Manchester, Madrid, Bilbao, Bielefeld, Chemnitz, Bregenz area of Vorarlberg, and Vienna (Bianchi G., 2003). This paper examines the possible backgrounds and contexts of this extreme position of the Czech and Slovak respondents. The data were gathered within the framework of the EC-funded project 'Youth and European Identity'. The study uses both quantitative (random sample of 3890 respondents in a survey) and qualitative (51 in-depth interviews) material to analyse sex differences in the multiple identity structures, as well as to identify the gender-related patterns of identity. The results are discussed within the concepts of gender mainstreaming, sexual and intimate citizenship and social identity and self-categorization theories.
2

GENDER ASPECT OF THE SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT (Gendernyi aspekt rozvytku maloho pidpryiemnytstva)

100%
Lavrinenko N., Rudik O.
Sotsiolohiia: teoriia, metody, marketyng (Sociology: Theory, Methods, Marketing)
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2010
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issue 3
111-135
EN
The article is devoted to the gender aspect of development of small business in Ukraine. Although, historically, sex did not have deciding influence on success in business (the capital amount had a greater weight), however the level of women participation in business, in its management, and also among its proprietors was always lower as compared to men. And now there is a gender disbalance in this sphere of employment. Well-educated businesswomen are not engaged enough in this type of activity that is the inefficient strategy of economic development. An analysis of situation in small business from the viewpoint of the level of women representation, efficiency and terms of their labor, as well as the presence/lack of the facts of gender discrimination is the purpose of the article. Research of gender aspect of small business was carried out on the basis of data analysis of statistics, secondary analysis of the data of economic and sociological researches, and also on the basis of information of own research by the method of focus-groups. The gender analysis of the sphere of small business resulted in the following conclusions: the horizontal gender segregation takes place, when women are mainly concentrated in less profitable types of employment (trade, sphere of services, farming). Transport, communication and building are trends of activity of businessmen. The labor conditions in such industries as the market and agriculture trade are extremely hard and unhealthy. Immediate measures should be taken to improve labor conditions of women making a majority at the market. Gender discrimination is seen in the phenomenon which was marked by all polled women: bribes are more frequently and more insolently extorted from business women, than from business men. As evaluated by business women the efficiency of their labor from the viewpoint of incomes does not differ in any way from the labor of men working next to them. A great problem for women working in small business is the receipt of social help after the child delivery. If an expectant mother wants to receive money from the state, she has to close her enterprise. For the hired workers (both men and women) engaged in the field of business the proper registration of labor relations is also a problem. Very often they work without registration of labor agreements and record in a service-record (so-called shadow labor-market). The basic gender problem, that was revealed in a talk with women: they, practically, have no reflections in respect of the gender problems of the society. Thus, in the field of gender relations of the Ukrainian society a conflict between the notions of Ukrainians as to normative gender roles which are mainly understood as traditional, and real types of gender relations in a family and at work, among with prevailing egalitarian gender relations.
3

STEREOTYPES AND PREJUDICE TOWARDS WOMEN MANAGERS: AN EXPERIMENTAL ILLUSTRATION USING THE GOLDBERG-PARADIGM IN A ROMANIAN SAMPLE

100%
Curseu P., Boros S.
Studia Psychologica
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2008
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vol. 50
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issue 3
233-254
EN
An experimental study based on Goldberg's paradigm was carried out to investigate stereotypical attitudes towards the women managers in a mixed gender sample. 329 participants were asked to participate in a simulated personnel selection decision task. 166 participants had to choose between 2 resumes describing 2 men, while 163 participants had to choose between the same 2 resumes, but they were told that the first resume belonged to a woman. All participants were also asked to assess the managerial skills, orientation towards task and towards relations of both candidates. The results show a clear drop of preferences in the second experimental condition for the resume describing a woman compared with the preferences expressed by the participants in the first experimental condition for the same resume describing a man. Also, the participants in the second experimental condition rated the male applicant's managerial skills, task orientation and relationships orientation higher than the female applicant's. However, contrary to what was expected, women rates were equally as discriminative against woman applicant as men rates were. This result does not support the prediction of the implicit social cognition theory and is explained by the traditional values of Romanian culture, in which women are much more perceived as being engaged in the private sphere than the public one.
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