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Film noir – repetytorium (zamiast wstępu)

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The author in his article reminds the fundamental facts connected with the phenomenon of film noir. He writes about the moment of discovering it by French critics, about its topics, motives, heroes, style and about esthetical, i.e. literary and filmic, roots of the great stream of the American cinema. He underlies its connection with gangster genre, German expressionism, French poetical realism, and with Orson Welles’s Citizen Kane. As far as literature is concerned, the author points out the strong influence of American hard-boiled literature over film noir. Other welknown cultural and social phenomena linked with film noir reminded by Sławomir Bobowski, are: philosophical existentialism, popularisation of psychoanalysis and – first of all – the specific social situation of America before and after the Second World War, the part of which was, among other things, the new condition of women which made the motif of femme fatale so often present in noir movies.
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Uwagi o filmie noir

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The classical essay by Paul Schrader contains some still inspiring and important observations, these and categorizations concerning film noir. According to the American great author film noir is not a genre nor a style but a film current like, for instance, German expressionism or French poetical realism. Its roots are in the war and postwar disappointment (postwar realism), in the influence of the influx of some German artistic immigrants, in the hard-boiled prose (by Hemingway, Chandler, Hammett and others). Schrader defines film noir also by pointing out seven characteristic film techniques of the current, by listing the typical noir topics (especially unconscious anxiety, fear and nostalgia), and by mentioning the three phases of the stream (the first war phase 1941–1945, the second – “postwar realism” 1946–1949, the final phase of “psychotic action and suicidal impulse” – 1949–1953). Film noir played a great role in American cinema and also in American culture, especially because it “promoted style in a culture that valued themes.”
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