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1

TEXT - AUTHOR - TESTIMONY. READER'S NOTES - 'I LOOKED AT THE LIPS... DIARY FROM THE WARSAW GHETTO' (Tekst - autor - swiadectwo. Na marginesie lektury - 'Patrzylam na usta... Dziennik z warszawskiego getta')

100%
Wolski P.
Zaglada Zydów. Studia i Materialy (Holocaust. Studies and Materials)
|
2009
|
vol. 5
357-363
EN
The review of the book 'I Looked at the Lips...Diary from the Warsaw Ghetto' describes the editorial form of the text, preserving transcription of the writing in the same position as it was written in the original (a line of printed text on the oddnumbered page completely corresponds with the line of the manuscript on the even-numbered page). The reviewer notices that the editorial form of the diary fits in those currents of contemporary humanities, which on the one hand recognize the physical appearance of the text as a crucial element of the content, but on the other hand - they emphasize the ethical dimension of the testimony's appearance as a unique literary genre, together with a complicated attribution of the text's authorship. The author of the review also underlines the limitations, which an editor faces when he wishes to preserve the physical appearance of the testimony, which (in a present-day editorial form) must take the form of an index of the testimony's appearance, not its icon.
2

Izbica jako przykład getta tranzytowego 1942-1943

100%
Chmielewski J.
Kwartalnik Historii Żydow
|
2012
|
issue 2(242)
191-206
EN
The township of Izbica, situated some 60 kilometers from Lublin, had a population that was over 90% Jewish before World War II. In 1939 it found itself under Nazi occupation. From the beginning of the occupation, the German authorities sent trainloads of deportees from Germany, from Polish lands incorporated in the German Reich and from other Generalgouvernement localities to Izbica. The Germans exploited the town’s location by a railway line for establishing a transit ghetto there in 1942, from where Jews were shipped to extermination camps on Polish and foreign lands, in Bełżec and Sobibór. By the end of 1942, the Germans murdered most of the Jews kept in Izbica, replacing the transit ghetto with a secondary one. The final liquidation of the Jewish community in Izbica took place at the end of April 1943. Out of several thousand Izbica Jews, only fourteen survived the Nazi occupation.
3
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PERSECUTION AND EXTERMINATION OF JEWS UNDER NAZI RULE IN THE WARTHELAND (Przesladowania i zaglada Zydów pod rzadami nazistów w Kraju Warty)

100%
Gorczynska-Przybylowicz B.
Przegląd Zachodni
|
2009
|
issue 2(331)
77-89
EN
During the German occupation of Poland, the Wartheland played a distinctive role in the persecution and extermination of Jews. It is there that German Nazis developed methods of murdering people and built the first extermination camp in the history of humanity where they partly realized the process of the 'final solution of the local Jewish issue' even before the Wannsee conference, murdering there about two hundred thousand people. The remaining persons of Jewish origin from the area were murdered mostly at the Auschwitz-Birkenau death camp. They were for the most part prisoners previously concentrated in the ghetto in Lódz. Until its close-down in 1944 the Lódz ghetto functioned as a peculiar kind of factory, operating according to the principles of a concentration camp with a large slave workforce whose labor was exploited both inside and outside the ghetto. Material evidence of the murderous exploitation of Jews during German occupation has remained even until today (e.g. in Poznan: the artificial lakes Rusalka and Malta, the cemetery at Milostowo, the communication routes to Berlin and the airport at Krzesiny). The above mentioned examples are manifestations of a brutal termination of many centuries of coexistence of Poles and Jews on this territory, a coexistence which was problematic but also based on partnership.
4

Raum Und Symbol. Das Jüdische Viertel in der frühen Neuzeit als “Ghetto” in den Werken Majer Bałabans

100%
Heyde J.
Kwartalnik Historii Żydow
|
2011
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issue 4(240)
445-461
EN
The article examines Majer Bałaban’s views of history, formulated in his works. The focal point of the analysis is the presentation of Jewish quarters in early Modern Times in Bałaban’s monographs dealing with local history. Using as an example his monographs and articles about Kraków, Lviv and Lublin, it presents a general outline of the notion of the „ghetto”. Next to the ghetto in the physical sense, i.e., the walls erected by the non-Jewish society to isolate the Jews from their Christian environment, Bałaban insisted that it was also necessary to identify the „moral ghetto”, characterized by intellectual isolation and no participation in the advances of science. For him the „ghetto” was a phenomenon of the modern times, which was only fully overcome by the full emancipation of Galician Jews in 1868. However, the “ghetto” was at the same time a metaphysical space, in which, in a sense, time stopped to run, meaning that even after eliminating the “:physical ghetto”, the “moral ghetto” could linger on in the minds of individual people, who were reluctant to acknowledge the change.
5

Of Men and Cats. The Life and Dreams of a Boy in the Shadow of Death

100%
Dykman E.
Kwartalnik Historii Żydow
|
2008
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issue 2(226)
193-213
EN
The author of the reminiscences comes from Eastern Galicia. As a youth, he was incarcerated in a German labour camp near his native village. He describes the life in the camps, the work in quarries and building roads, the starving of the inmates and the ruthlessness of the guards. The author managed to escape, using forged documents, and started working in a Ukrainian farm. Its owner, a Ukrainian nationalist, did not realize that he had a Jew living in his home. After the liberation the author moved to Poland. He lives in Israel now.
6

Villages becoming ghettos

100%
Virag T.
Szociologiai Szemle (Sociological Review)
|
2006
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vol. 16
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issue 1
60-76
EN
The subject of the paper is an area with small villages, largely over-represented by Roma population. In the middle of the 1980s, there were one or two small villages becoming ghettos, at present, 17 ethnically segregated settlements can be found in the micro-region besides dozens of other villages approaching towards the state of ethnic segregation. As a result of massive unemployment and the demographic changes brought about by the exchange of population, not only more and more villages became ghettos in the area, but the structure of local society has also changed. In each settlement either the majority of the inhabitants or, in more serious cases, the whole village community is excluded from the labour force market as well as from the education system, which could offer them social mobility.
7

Eksterminacja Żydów w powiecie tureckim w latach 1941-1942

100%
Janicki P.
Kwartalnik Historii Żydow
|
2012
|
issue 1(241)
60-92
EN
On the basis of witness testimony, the author seeks to reconstruct the history of the establishment and the conditions prevailing in „Czachulec” ghetto. It was one of three rural ghettos set up in Nazi-occupied Poland. It existed from 20 October 1941 to 20 July 1942. It covered an area of 1711 hectares and was home to some 3,500 Jews from Turek district. Most of them perished in the nearby extermination camp at Chełmno on the Ner. The article portrays a wide array of attitudes of Polish farmers living in the vicinity of the ghetto: from altruistic postures to exploiting the Jews’ plight for profit to regular denunciations.
8

SLOVENŠTÍ ŽIDÉ V GHETTU TEREZÍN (1944 – 1945)

88%
Putík D.
Historický časopis (Historical Journal)
|
2013
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vol. 61
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issue 2
289 – 311
EN
1450 people were deported from the Jewish transit camp in Sereď (Slovakia), to the Terezín ghetto in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia in 4 transports between December 1944 and March 1945. Eleven of the deported perished on the way from Sereď while 35 died in Terezín. The rest survived the Holocaust. Based on research in Czech and Slovak archives, as well as in oral and visual history databases and books of memoirs, the paper studies the experience of the people deported to Terezín from Slovakia in its various aspects – their origin (there was a number of Hungarian nationals among the deportees), their previous fates (particularly after the German occupation of Slovakia from August 1944), the extent of knowledge about the mass extermination of Jews „in the East“ among those deported from Slovakia in comparison with other Terezín inmates, their living conditions in the ghetto (including health and sanitation, public, cultural and religious life), the fate of children among the Slovak Jews in Terezín and the specific experience of the end of the war and liberation.
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