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1

NOTES ON THE CONCEPT OF 'GRAMMATICALITY' (Nehany megjegyzes a 'nyelvi helyesseg' fogalmarol)

100%
Banczerowski J.
Magyar Nyelvor (Hungarian Language Guardian)
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2009
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vol. 133
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issue 2
1256-128
EN
Attempts at defining 'grammaticality' by stable rules face the problem that the conditions of applying those rules are unstable and changeable. The communicative space that forms the background of linguistic expressions keeps changing as linguistic activity unfolds and that changeability crucially affects the evaluation of any expression that is based on its focusing in the given space. The division of linguistic expressions into correct and incorrect ones on the basis of how they relate to the established rules means that 'ungrammatical' expressions invariably violate some codified constraint. The focusing of linguistic expressions in the communicative space is never stationary, as it has to be adapted to variable circumstances, context, and content, as well as to the variable mental status of the language user.
2

ON CATEGORIZING NOUN DIMINUTIVES IN GERMAN (Substantivische Diminutiva im Deutschen: Versuch einer Kategorisierung)

88%
Schwenk H.-J.
Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny
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2010
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vol. 57
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issue 3
275-283
EN
The present paper deals with noun diminutives in German and aims at attempting to categorize them. The author shows that noun diminutives, although the difference between them and the non-diminutives is a strictly quantitative one, nevertheless constitute a lexical category. It could be proven that the question whether a lingual entity belongs to vocabulary or grammar does not depend on the underlying mechanism of formation and that the qualitative character of an item or a word formation does not decide on its lexicality.
3

POJEM GRAMATICKOSTI A NEGRAMATICKOSTI PRI HODNOTENÍ SLOVOSLEDU (CHYBY V SLOVOSLEDNEJ REALIZÁCII ENKLITÍK V SLOVENČINE AKO CUDZOM JAZYKU)

88%
Ivanová M.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
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2022
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vol. 87
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issue 1
110 – 126
EN
The study deals with the problem of error annotation when assessing written texts of students learning Slovak as a foreign/second language (L2). The concept of word order error is discussed against the framework of error analysis and the notion of grammaticality/acceptability of language structure. The problems of identifying word order errors are manifested by enclitics´ placement in the sentence structures. Slovak belongs to languages that follow the Wackernagel´s Rule and its clitic elements belong to the category of second-position clitics (2P), however, Wackernagel´s Rule is more a tendency than an exceptionless, strict law. Erroneous usage of enclitic components in L2 can be projected against reconstructed learner´s utterance, i.e., explicit statement of target language structure, called target hypothesis. To determine target structure, profound and sometimes even expertise knowledge about investigated language phenomenon in L1 is necessary, including both the knowledge of rule (ideal norm) as well as the distribution patterns of language structure (real norm) which can be stipulated through corpus data. The study examines the disputable cases of enclitics placement against the norms described in the work by J. Mistrík (1966) and verifies them by corpus data.
4
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Znovu o literární češtině Milana Kundery

75%
Sticha F.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2010
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vol. 71
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issue 2
128-133
EN
This article is a reaction to the text by Z. Kufnerova (2008), in which the author presents 24 types of mistakes she found in two novels by Milan Kundera. The author of this article attempts to put forth theoretical and empirical arguments in favor of Kundera's literary Czech and against the above-mentioned critique by Kufnerova. For example, Kufnerova criticizes Kundera for occasionally placing the focus of the sentence in the middle as opposed to at the end, as is required by contemporary Czech's word-order norm. However, this is a highly simplified view, and the topic-focus articulation of the sentence operates in a much more complicated manner in reality. In the opinion of the author of this article, most of the points of criticism by Kufnerova toward Kundera are unwarranted, stemming from insufficient theoretical knowledge of language and its communicative scope.
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