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1

Specific features of 'minority' and 'majority' paths of patients

100%
Antal-Z., L.
Tarsadalomkutatas (Social Science Research)
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2004
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vol. 22
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issue 2/3
335-366
EN
In my paper I analysed the characteristics of the relationship between the 'minorities' (it is the special name of the Gypsies) and the 'majority' in the institutions of health service. These relationships often cause tensions and I tried to find explanations for them in the cultural differences. One of the most important results of the research is that the institutions of health service - mainly the hospitals - are fearful of the members of the 'minority' in two aspects. The sense of being threatened is an important part of 'minority' life, which has a strong effect on the integration of the community. The sense of being threatened is especially strong in hospitals that are dangerous places for the 'majority' too. The different customs and norms in these special situations often cause unsolvable problems for the nurses, doctors and for the members of the minority. A more thorough knowledge of different cultures could help to improve the possibility of healing in the health institutions.
2

DŮSLEDKY ZÁSAHŮ KOMUNISTICKÉHO REŽIMU DO VÝVOJE ROMSKÝCH SKUPIN V ČSSR (1958 – 1969)

100%
Pavelčíková N.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
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2013
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vol. 16
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issue 4
-
EN
Historical development of the Roma population affected Czechoslovakia in the years of the communist regime interventions, leading to its urbanization. Representatives of the Communist regime prohibited by law No. 74/58 the free movement of Roma groups, especially nomadic. Following reform of the state administration meant the collapse of plans for the definitive establishment of the Roma population. In 1965, the government attempted destruction of Roma settlements and "unwanted sites focus" in Czechoslovakia. In 1968 it was conducted the first attempt of the emancipation of the Roma minority.
3
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Religiozita Cikánů v ČR: Konceptuálně-metodologické poznámky

100%
Budilová L., Jakoubek M.
Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)
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2011
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vol. 98
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issue 4
359-378
EN
The goal of the text is to sum up the existing works on religion and religiosity of the Gypsies in the Czech Republic and, to a certain extent, also in the Slovak Republic. We summarize the tendencies to be found in the academic texts on this topic and propose the positive way for the future studies and texts, which consists in the clear definition of the subject matter, and explicit use of the conceptual tools and theories.
4

MARGINALIZOVANÉ SKUPINY V STREDOVEKOM A RANONOVOVEKOM UHORSKU

88%
Szeghyová B.
Historický časopis (Historical Journal)
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2022
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vol. 70
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issue 4
665–713
EN
The study presents the history of marginalized groups, the theoretical background and a brief historiographical overview. Marginalized groups are collectively referred to as those that have limited opportunities for employment and are excluded from certain spheres of society. The defining criterion in identifying particular marginalized groups is the judgemental view of the majority or dominant society. Historians classify people on the margins into different categories according to certain characteristics such as extreme poverty, a vagrant or nomadic way of life, the pursuit of dishonest or defamed professions, criminal activities, as well as physical and mental disabilities and affiliation with religious or ethnic minorities. The study focuses on four main phenomena associated with marginalization – poverty, infamy, criminality and minority ethnicity with the examples of Roma and Jews. Marginalization took various forms, from demonstrations of disgust, hostility and physical violence, to segregation, stigmatization, legislative measures that criminalized certain groups, to their persecution and physical elimination. Apart from poverty, the main reasons for marginalization were prejudices, superstitions, myths and stereotypes, as well as intolerance and fear of the unknown, the strange and the other, that could be intertwined with rational dread of contagious diseases or hostile intentions.
5

SLOVENSKÍ RÓMOVIA V ČESKOSLOVENSKU V ROKOCH 1945 - 1947 (REGULÁCIA POHYBU A KONTINUITA PERZEKÚCIE)

88%
Jurová A.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
|
2009
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vol. 12
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issue 1
-
EN
After the end of the Second World War an extensive movement of certain groups of the population began in the entire Central Europe. These evoke spontaneous efforts to find a new home and life, but also a wide implementation of compulsory and forced migration as a tool of the Czechoslovak residential policy. A part of it was also the unprecedented migration of Gypsies to which the Czech organisations reacted mainly negatively; as a result of the previous anti-Gypsy arrangements. The continuation of attitudes toward this culturally different and undesirable minority is in this instance undeniable. The spontaneous and purposeful migration waves of Gypsy immigrants from Slovakia, linked to a 'rushed system-less urbanisation' (N. Pavelcikova). The lack of provisions in terms of accommodation and labour opportunities resulted in problems and consequences with which, according to Czech authors, not only the Gypsy minority, but also the entire society is still struggling.
6

APPELLATIONS OF ROMA, SINTI, GYPSIES AND TRAVELLERS IN THE OPINIONS OF THE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES

75%
Hrustič T.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
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2018
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vol. 66
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issue 4
452 – 466
EN
Opinions of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (FCNM) cover the situation of all national minorities in all state parties of the Council of Europe who signed and ratified the FCNM since its adoption in 1998. The situation of Roma, Sinti and Travellers is an important issue in the most of these documents. This paper will analyse how the FCNM opinions use the terms Roma, Sinti, Travellers, Gypsies and other appellations in respect of groups and people who are targeted in these texts. Moreover, the FCNM is an instrument which is in existence for 20 years and during that time the opinions were drafted by various compositions of experts in the Advisory Committee and were reflecting various trends and socio-political situations in Europe and respective State parties of the FCNM. This paper will analyse the texts of the past opinions. The author takes advantage of his personal experience as a member of the Advisory Committee for FCNM between 2014 and 2018 and reflects on the most recent developments in approaches towards labelling the Roma in the opinions of the Advisory Committee for FCNM.
7
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Rebelanti, tuláci a cikáni – domestikace jinakosti v Hálkově venkovské próze

75%
Soukup D.
Česká literatura (Czech Literature)
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2010
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vol. 58
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issue 6
732-758
EN
This article is concerned with the representation of Gypsies in ‘Bajrama’ (1858), an early short story by Vítězslav Hálek, contrasting it with other of his prose works which portray Bohemian­ village life. It is hoped that this contextual approach might lead to a subtler interpretation of the Gypsy characters in ‘Bajrama’ than a critical deconstruction of the ‘Gypsy stereotype’ would­ yield. Critics have noted the importance of the romantic triad music–nature–love (typical also of the literary portrayal of the Gypsy) in Hálek’s works. What has received less attention is the communal dimension of his portrayal of the erotic. Although several pairs of Hálek’s ideal lovers spend some time alone in the wild, this period of their life is always temporary. Especially in Hálek’s late prose works (‘Na statku a v chaloupce’, ‘Na vejminku’, and ‘Pod pustým kopcem’), the narrative culminates in the creation of a model home (one of Hálek’s central concepts), which becomes also the social and symbolic centre of the village community. It is therefore difficult to agree with F. X. Šalda’s view that Hálek is ‘in favour of complete freedom, almost an anarchist’. In fact, Hálek’s ostensible radicalism masks a Weltanschauung which has a good deal in common with the traditional patriarchal ideal. With its predictable plot (making use of the eternal triangle) and its stereotypical elements in the representation of the Gypsies, the short story ‘Bajrama’ might not appear remarkable in itself. Nevertheless, this tragic story of a Bohemian village lad, Jeník, with the Gypsy girl, Bajrama, differs in many respects from the depiction of love in other works by Hálek. For one thing, the Gypsies are not associated with either of Hálek’s usual idealistic conceptualizations of nature (‘ubiquitous music’ and the ‘unchanging laws’). Instead, Hálek has them embody the morally dubious notions of homelessness and wildness. More important, Jeník remains hopelessly torn between his desire to retain his prominent position in the Bohemian village community and his desperate passion for the sinister otherness of Bajrama. This dilemma reaches its narrative conclusion (both Jeník and Bajrama are killed by the girl’s Gypsy lover, Salem), but at the existential level, it cannot be resolved. Beneath the conventional tragic plot of ‘Bajrama’, one therefore finds traces of a genuine ethical and psychological tragedy: a fatal rift between erotic desire and an acceptable ideal of love.
8
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Časoprostorové a infrastrukturní aspekty procesu sociální exkluze

75%
Růžička M.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2011
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vol. 47
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issue 2
273-296
EN
Researchers who have studied the living conditions of Roma (Gypsy) communities since the collapse of state socialism in Eastern Europe tend to emphasise two dimensions of the growing degree of social exclusion of the Roma: the economic dimension (the decline in socio-economic status) and the spatial dimension (the growing levels of residential segregation). This article aims to study how spatial exclusion and involuntary residential segregation ‘function’, that is, how they operate on the social micro level as a ‘generator’ of social and economic disadvantage. Certain types of objective obstacles arise in the living environment of excluded people and they continuously have to overcome these obstacles on an everyday basis. The author analyses how spatial exclusion acts on the excluded by requiring relatively high expenditures of money and time for them to overcome exclusion. He then examines the infrastructural dimensions of spatial exclusion, describing infrastructural exclusion as a dimension of disadvantage in which the excluded have limited access to infrastructures and through them resources otherwise commonly accessible in the dominant socio-economic system. Access to these infrastructures and resources can be regarded as an indicator of social integration and as an essential precondition for equal and meaningful social and economic participation in the life of the dominant socio-economic system. In conclusion, the author discusses the conflicting or almost contradictory relationship between the generation of spatial and infrastructural exclusion on the one hand and social integration projects on the other.
9

LIKVIDÁCIA TÁBORA A VZNIK SÍDLISKA LUNÍK IX

75%
Jurová A.
Mesto a dejiny
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2015
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vol. 4
|
issue 1
30 – 49
EN
The paper deals with complex problems in addressing the adverse housing situation of the Roma population in Košice. After World War II, part of the city known as the gypsy camp under Moldavská way found itself in an extremely exposed position at the entrance to the city. Arrival of amount of working class from rural areas with extensive construction and urbanization ratios further deepen. Numerous Roma´s growth was evident. Housing problems are addressed through an allocation of older apartments, phasing out the huts in the camp and finally focusing on specific Roma settlement. The idea of a separate settlement originated in the mid-60s, in 1970, the planned housing units was not built. Another intention of anticipated settlement was in the area Myslava with lower standard family houses. Because of the high costs the concept of prefabricated houses gallery type was born. The government in 1976 refused to deal with Roma housing in specific neighbourhoods. The council city national committee nevertheless approved the construction of Luník IX without a specific focus. The construction was carried out in late 70s, several policies were processed recall procedure Roma families from the camp as well as the old city, according to various streets. The history of Luník IX began in 1981with its ethnic ghettoization with disastrous consequences to the present.
10

NARIAĎUJEME, VYHLASUJEME...! VÝBER DISKRIMINAČNÝCH OPATRENÍ VOČI CIGÁNOM/RÓMOM NA SLOVENSKU V ROKOCH TOTALITY 1939 – 1945 SPRACOVANÝ Z FONDOV MV SR, ŠTÁTNEHO ARCHÍVU V NITRE

63%
Lehoczká L.
Historický časopis (Historical Journal)
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2020
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vol. 68
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issue 4
723 – 734
EN
The author focuses on discriminatory measures against Gypsies/Roma during the Slovak Republic of 1939–1945. She uses mainly the archive collection of the State Archives in Nitra, usable for studying the issue at several levels of public administration (county, district, and local). The content structure of the scientific study follows the IMRAD model and is divided into the introduction, theoretical background, presentation of the most significant research findings and their interpretation in the form of discussion. The main objective of the study is to present a reflective „pause“ over the history of Gypsies/Roma, and their life under the totalitarian regime of 1939–1945 in Slovakia.
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