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Gyula Kautz, a great exponent of modern Hungarian economics, born 175 years ago

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Matyas A.

Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review)

2005

vol. 52

issue 6

613-622

The cameralism of Sonnenfels was on the compulsory economics syllabus of Hungarian colleges in Gyula Kautz's student days, right up to the 1850s. But Kautz as a teacher broke with cameralism and placed the German historical school on theoretical foundations. When Kautz joined it, the German historical school counted as a modern school of economics. The study presents its main characteristics. Influenced by the school, Kautz starts his examination not the individual, but from society, prompted not just by selfinterest, but by a 'well-conceived interest' that encompasses general condition, philanthropy and morality as well. Where this is absent, he argues, a guiding hand from above - the regulatory function of the state -is required. This takes the place in Kautz of Adam Smith's invisible hand. In rejecting the abstraction method, Kautz strays in his research into economic laws. But he points to attributes of economic activity ignored by the dominant schools of the day, by not confining his ideas to the rigid logical frames of economic systems intent on seeking laws and by considering factors that an economist must ignore during abstraction. He puts before us a lively account of the actors in the economy and consequent economic processes. Kautz takes account of the historical development of economic processes and the effect of institutional factors on the economy. The study shows the influence of Kautz on some prominent later Hungarian economists and the similarity of his conclusions to t hose of important economists today.

ALONG THE BORDER BETWEEN PAGANISM AND CHRISTIANITY. GRAVES WITH RITUAL FIRE HEARTHS DISCOVERED IN THE NECROPOLIS OF ALBA IULIA-‘IZVORUL ÎMPĂRATULUI’ DURING THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL CAMPAIGNS OF 2006 – 2007

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Dragotă A., Popescu M.-E.

Študijné zvesti

2023

vol. 70

issue 2

327 – 344

Three graves were discovered during the archaeological excavations (2006, 2007) in the cemetery of Alba Iulia-‘Izvorul Împăratului’ (Alba County, Romania). All three presented a fire hearth on the side of the burial pit. The graves share some common features, including the male sex of the deceased, the orientation on the W – E axis (grave 86; 155), except grave 168 (WSW – ENE) and the stone edging of the grave pits. The grave inventory consists of pottery (ritually broken in grave 86; 155; 168), a sickle (grave 86), steel, flint (grave 155), an arrowhead, a sabre- sword (Säbelschwert) and remains of a wooden sheath with traces of textiles (grave 168). It may not be by chance that such a ritual hearth was also set up for the leader of Gyula’s military entourage (grave 168). The role of these unique findings, appearing at the borderline between paganism and Christianity, can be correlated with the purification of the deceased before passing into the afterlife. All the elements of funerary rites and rituals allow us to place all of these burial findings in the second half of the 10th c.

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1 Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review)

1 Študijné zvesti

1 2023

1 2005

1 Dragotă A.

1 Matyas A.

1 Popescu M.-E.

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Gyula Kautz, a great exponent of modern Hungarian economics, born 175 years ago

ALONG THE BORDER BETWEEN PAGANISM AND CHRISTIANITY. GRAVES WITH RITUAL FIRE HEARTHS DISCOVERED IN THE NECROPOLIS OF ALBA IULIA-‘IZVORUL ÎMPĂRATULUI’ DURING THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL CAMPAIGNS OF 2006 – 2007