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“Introducing the Presence of Socialist Czechoslovakia into the Consciousness of Libyan Society:” Socialist Experts and Their Role in Prague-Tripoli Relations, 1969–1989

100%
Borovský M.
Prague Papers on the History of International Relations
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2021
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issue 1-2
51-65
EN
Gaddafi’s revolution fundamentally changed the approach of socialist states to Libya and opened new possibilities for cooperation between the Eastern bloc and the newly formed Libyan Arab Republic. As Czechoslovakia did not want to be left behind, it started trying to break into the Libyan market in the early 1970s, especially using Czech experts in the fields of healthcare, geology, and engineering. Beginning in 1974, Czechoslovakia started seeking to consolidate its position in the Libyan economy and to aid the country’s modernization by sending out experts under a scientific and technical cooperation program. However, it faced a number of obstacles. One such obstacle was the competition between the Warsaw Pact states in Libya. Prague sent hundreds of civilian experts to Gaddafi’s Libya between 1970 and 1989, contributing substantially to the reputation of socialist Czechoslovakia not only in Libya but throughout the Third World. Based on never-before-used materials from Czech archives, this study attempts to portray the workings of the scientific and technical cooperation between Czechoslovakia and Libya and its importance to Czechoslovakia-Libya relations. The text discusses, among other things, the question of Czechoslovakia’s self-representation as an autonomous business actor, and the problematic aspects of the life of Czechoslovak experts in Libya.
2
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Politicized Economics or Economized Politics? Czechoslovak Economists and the Quest for “Third World” Development in the era of Reform Communism

100%
Buzássyová B.
Prague Papers on the History of International Relations
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2021
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issue 1-2
32-50
EN
The paper analyses the scientific discourse that informed the Czechoslovak conceptions of development studies as well as the practice of development aid. On the example of scholarly outputs of two distinguished economists working at the Institute of International Politics and Economy — Blanka Šrucová and Jan Vraný — it explores the impact and process of adaptation of recent methodological influences from abroad onto the Czechoslovak development expertise. It situates the shifts in attitude towards the developmental assistance within the broader framework of Czechoslovak (economic) reform project as well as the global debates on the effectiveness of development strategies. The article claims that Czechoslovak economists used their transnational experience gained during missions abroad not only to “domesticate” recent trends in research and suggest more effective methods of Czechoslovak developmental assistance exported to the “Third World” but also to improve the conditions of national economy
3
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Społeczność międzynarodowa wobec Arabskiej Wiosny w Libii

81%
Wachowska K.
Przegląd Politologiczny
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2014
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issue 1
159-174
EN
The overthrow of Libyan dictator, Muammar Al-Gaddafi, was a significant event in the Arab Spring. He was brought down by young Libyans assisted by an international coalition, mandated by the United Nations. The attitudes of different countries to the intervention in Libya were highly diversified. This paper orders, describes and partially explains the reasons behind the behavior of political elites in several countries, trying to present their motivation. The first country to be presented is Mali, which supported the dictator to the very end. Next come the countries with an ambivalent attitude to the Arab Spring in Libya, namely China, Russia and Germany. The third group of countries encompasses France, the United Kingdom and the United States. The paper is concluded with an analysis of the activities of the UN and NATO.
PL
Istotną częścią Arabskiej Wiosny było obalenie libijskiego dyktatora Muammara Al-Kaddafiego. Dokonała tego, oprócz młodych Libijczyków, międzynarodowa koalicja, posiadająca mandat Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych. Stanowiska państw dotyczące interwencji w Libii na areniemiędzynarodowej były silnie zróżnicowane. Poniższa praca porządkuje, opisuje i częściowo wyjaśnia przyczyny postępowania elit politycznych niektórych państw, starając się odzwierciedlić motywy, które nimi kierowały. Jako pierwsze zostało opisane państwo będące sprzymierzeńcem dyktatora do samego końca - Mali. Następnie państwa, których stosunek do Arabskiej Wiosny w Libii był niejednoznaczny - Chiny, Rosja i Niemcy. Trzecia grupa państw, która doprowadziła do zbrojnej interwencji to Francja, Wielka Brytania i Stany Zjednoczone. Na koniec zostały przeanalizowane działania Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych oraz Organizacji Paktu Północnoatlantyckiego.
4
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Al-Saadi Gaddafi, the son of a dictator who wanted to be a football star

72%
Kosak R.
Sport i Turystyka. Środkowoeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe
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2020
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vol. 3
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issue 2
41-56
EN
The purpose of this article is to present the person of Al-Saadi Gaddafi, the third son of a dictator who ruled Libya during the years 1969–2011 – Mu’ammar Al-Gaddafi. In the first part of the article, the author writes about the first stage of the life of the dictator’s son, when Al-Saadi Gaddafi, thanks to his father’s acquaintances, enters the world of football, among others through demonstration training sessions at the Italian club Lazio Roma, where it was hoped that over time he would acquire skills to be able to play football in this club. In this part of the article, the author explains why this plan failed. In the next part of the article, the author presents the backstage of Al-Saadi Kaddafi’s tempestuous career first in Libyan football and then in the highest class of the Italian Serie A connected with such clubs as AC Perugia, Udinese Calcio and UC Sampdoria as a footballer and with Juventus Turin as one of the club’s officials and shareholders. In the final part of the article, the author focuses on the fate of Al-Saadi Gaddafi after completion of his football career and presents what happened to him after the outbreak of the so-called Arab Spring as a result of which the Gaddafi family lost their power in Libya.
PL
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie osoby Al-Saadi Kaddafiego, trzeciego syna dyktatora władającego Libią w latach 1969–2011 Mu’ammara al-Kaddafiego. W pierwszej części artykułu autor przybliża pierwszy etap życia syna dyktatora, kiedy to Al-Saadi Kaddafi, dzięki znajomościom ojca, poznaje świat piłki nożnej, m.in. poprzez treningi pokazowe we włoskim klubie Lazio Rzym, gdzie liczono, że z czasem nabierze odpowiednich umiejętności, aby stać się piłkarzem tego klubu. W tej części artykułu autor wyjaśnia, dlaczego ten plan się nie udał. Następnie autor prezentuje w artykule kulisy barwnej kariery sportowej Al-Saadi Kaddafiego – najpierw w libijskiej piłce nożnej, a następnie w najwyższej klasie we Włoszech – Serie A, związanej z klubami AC Perugia, Udinese Calcio i UC Sampdoria (jako piłkarz) oraz z Juventusem Turyn (jako działacz i jeden z udziałowców klubu). W końcowej części artykułu autor skupia się na dalszych losach Al-Saadi Kaddafiego po zakończeniu przez niego dalszej kariery piłkarskiej oraz przedstawia losy jego osoby po wybuchu tzw. Arabskiej Wiosny, w wyniku której ród Kaddafich utracił władzę w Libii.
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