Search results - CEJSH

1

Asortyment róż w szkółkach na terenie dawnej Galicji od ok. połowy XIX wieku na przykładzie 7 obiektów

100%

Kraus D., Śliwińska M.

Rocznik Przemyski

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2012

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vol. 48

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issue 3: Nauki Przyrodnicze

117-171

EN

The work contains an analysis of 31 catalogs of available plants. The most important part of the analysis is the summary table including all the species and varieties, which gives an approximate view on the range of roses manufactured and sold in those times. The most popular varieties were: 'Marechal Niel' and 'Madame Berard'. The summary table may be useful to landscape architects involved in the reconstruction of historic gardens.

2

Edukacja młodzieży chłopskiej w Galicji doby autonomicznej

85%

Meissner A.

Biuletyn Historii Wychowania

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2007

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issue 23

21-33

EN

The paper deals with the following questions: the conditions of education of peasant sons, the educational opportunities on an elementary, secondary and higher level as well as the results of this process. In Galicia, especially after it had gained autonomy, there opened real possibilities for learning for peasant children on all levels of education. The offered education was at a very good level, and what is most important in the Polish schools by Polish teachers. Most widespread was compulsory education in folk schools. The secondary school, which originally had an elite character, was becoming ever more democratic in the course of time, the fact demonstrated by a significant proportion of rural youth which in some gymnasiums reached 8-90%. Higher studies were also available for rural youth. In Galicia, when it enjoyed autonomy, 45,4% of pheasant sons studied in the Faculty of Law of the Jagiellonian University, in the Faculty of Philosophy 28,7%, in the Faculty of Theology 18,7% and in the Faculty of Medicine 7,5%. All in all, about 3800 persons of peasant origin completed their studies, which constituted 17,6% of all students. However, education was obtained at the price of many sufferings and with huge physical effort. The graduates of alician schools originating from rural environment were characterized by great diligence and an aspiration for professional success. In the second half of the 19th century, there began the process of formation of the Galician intelligentsia of peasant descent. The sons of peasants came to occupy high-ranking posts in various professions, they were prominent representatives of Polish science, actively participated in the educational, cultural, social and political life.

3

W stolicy Rusi Halickiej (historyczno-archeologiczny szkic o Lwowie)

80%

Worobjew G. A., Biedrzycka A.

Krakowskie Pismo Kresowe

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2013

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issue 5: Kontekst rosyjski

153-177

EN

The text is a translation of the article by Grigory Aleksandrovich Vorobyev Въ столице Галицкой Руси published in 1901 in the 86th volume of “Istorichesky Vestnik”, a historical and literary periodical published in Sankt Petersburg. Vorobyev (1860-1907), collegial councillor in the Płock Governorate, the president of the Military and Police Division of the Łomża Governorate, court councillor and justice of the peace in Ostrołęka, and also a passionate historian and amateur ethnologue, manifested kindness towards the Poles, rarely expressed by Russian officials, and showed interest in Polish history and culture, evident in his numerous publications in Polish and Russian periodicals. In early June 1900 he presumably visited Lviv on the occasion of his participation in the Third Convention of Polish Historians in Kraków. The monuments of Jan III Sobieski and Jan Kiliński, the Roman Catholic, Greek Catholic and Armenian Catholic cathedrals, the chapel of the Boim family, the Jesuit Church and the Dominican Church, the Wallachian Church, the Church of St. Nicholas, the Church of St. Onuphrius, The Orthodox Church of St. Paraskeva, the Monastery of the Order of Saint Basil the Great, the Golden Rose Synagogue, The Market Square, the Stauropegial Institute, the National Ossoliński Institute, The Dzieduszycki Museum, Lychakiv Cemetery, archives and libraries are the monuments which he described in the present article, enhanced by a brief historical note and his impressions of the life of the city.

4

Wyprawa powstańcza gen. Antoniego Jeziorańskiego (Bitwy pod Kobylanką i Hutą Krzeszowską w 1863 roku)

80%

Noiński E.

Rocznik Przemyski

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2014

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vol. 50

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issue 1: Historia Wojskowości

29-48

EN

In May 1863 General Antoni Jeziorański, one of the more gifted and energetic January Uprising commanders, organized a guerrilla expedition from Galicia to the Kingdom of Poland. The unit he commanded fought and won two battles with Russian troops in the Kobylanka forest. Word of the fights reached not only the Kingdom of Poland but also Europe. During the fights between 1 and 6 May the commander showed himself to be highly proficient in warfare; he fully controlled the situation and never allowed the enemy to take him by surprise. He was able to use his meager reserves against the three times more numerous enemy units, and predict the main attack of Russian troops. A few days later there came a crisis, however: the unit, weakened after fighting, was defeated by the stronger enemy in the battle of Huta Krzeszowska (on 11 May) and was driven back to Galicia. Although the expedition had looked promising, it ended in the insurgents’ failure, like other similar expeditions from Galicia to the Kingdom of Poland.

5

Dziwna etniczność Kształty tożsamości Ormian galicyjskich

80%

Wasyl F.

Krakowskie Pismo Kresowe

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2012

|

vol. 4: Galicja jako pogranicze kultur

69-90

EN

This paper deals with the issue of the identity of Polish Armenians in Galicia. One of the characters in the text is a Polish- and Ruthenian-speaking Austrian baron, Polish patriot and Armenian-style landholder – Grzegorz Romaszkan. The Author attempts to prove that, in addition to traditional ethnic characteristics such as the language or religious practices, one can observe a number of more hidden relations and bonds among the Armenians of Galicia. Genealogy and the memory of their ancestors, as well as important family celebrations - such as weddings, baptisms, and burials – were the building blocks of the identity of this small minority. By virtue of their religious – and thus metaphysical – nature, they left a permanent mark on the memory and sense of identity – more so than other, more fleeting life experiences, especially as they gathered significant portions of small local Armenian communities in one place (a church or cemetery): the central figures of the celebrations (the newlyweds, newborn babies, the deceased) and the witnesses, as well as relatives near and far. Celebrations at home and church helped forge the bonds within the Armenian family and ethnic group. Other aspects that defined the identity of the community included the physical space – also in the sentimental sense of the word. The memory of the family home, the estate, the manor house, the cemetery holding the remains of loved ones – were at the roots of emotional attachment to places and people that was stronger than any professed ideologies and cultural socialization. The source material for this paper was derived from memoirs and Church documents (certificates of baptism, marriage, death, etc., censuses of the faithful).

6

Caritas na pograniczu kulturowym Wzorce rzymskokatolickie a dobroczynność Kościoła greckokatolickiego w Galicji

80%

Białoń A.

Krakowskie Pismo Kresowe

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2012

|

vol. 4: Galicja jako pogranicze kultur

125-143

EN

From the very beginning, the development of the forms of organized charity in the Roman Catholic and Greek Catholic Churches revealed a clear disproportion in its scale and dynamics. Massive Polonization of Ruthenian elites caused the Orthodox Church first and then the Greek Catholic one to irrevocably lose wealthy and influential patrons who had been providing patronage not only of the church organizations, but also of all the spheres of church activity, including charity work. In comparison to the Roman Catholic Church, the poor financial situation of the Greek Catholic institution as well as sluggish activity of its clergymen within the community condemned its charity work to a slowdown. In the second half of the 19th century, the recovery of the Greek Catholic Church after a slump and the development of its structures based on the models borrowed from the Roman Catholic church acted as catalysts for the revival of different forms of organized charity in Galicia. It was noticeable in establishing new active congregations modelled after the Roman Catholic ones and setting up modern charitable organizations in all the Greek Catholic dioceses in the Interwar Period.

7

BUDY PRZEWORSKIE JAKO ZAPOMNIANE DZIEDZICTWO PRZEWORSKICH PRZEDMIEŚĆ

80%

Chrobak Ł.

Rocznik Przemyski

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2016

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vol. 52

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issue 1(19): Historia

7-22

XX

Budy Przeworskie existed as a gmina (commune) from ca. 18th century to 1922, surrounding the town of Przeworsk with a semi-ring from the west, north, east and south-east. It was a rural gmina headed by a village mayor and his council. The members of the gmina were mainly the residentsof Budy. It was considered to be a quite wealthy commune, inhabited by the richest farmers from the neighbourhood. At the turn of the 20th century a sugar factory was built here (1895), there was a railway station (the Galician Railway of Archduke Charles Louis went across this territory). There was also an old cemetery, a significant part of the entailed Princes Lubomirski estate and the Prince Andrzej Lubomirski machine factory. According to the book of minutes of this gmina, the inhabitants held patriotic celebrations and participated actively in the life of their commune, e. g. creating local militia or a fire brigade. They experienced different problems, like feuds among neighbours, and tragedies, like fires. In many cases they were helped out by the local council whose members tried to solve a given problem. Due to lack of sources, only the mentioned book of minutes partly reflects the life of this commune in that period.

8

W kręgu nauki, oświaty i polityki. O listach Kazimierza Twardowskiego do Ludwika Finkla

80%

Hoszowska M.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2017

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vol. 62

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issue 3

7–36

EN

The author of this article presents the didactic-educational and social activity as well as some aspects of private life of one of the most eminent Lvov scientists working at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, Kazimierz Twardowski, who came to Lvov in 1895 to run the department of philosophy. He spent over 40 years in the city on the Poltva river and those years were filled with continuous work for the adepts of philosophical arts and dedicated to preparing professional researchers in philosophy. He managed to build a school not only thanks to his own abilities but also thanks to the university environment, in which he found a group of people thinking alike and sharing common values. Twardowski, who belonged to the group of researchers described as “people-institutions”, was warmly welcomed and supported by an outstanding professor in the Austrian history department and an extraordinary modern-history researcher in Lvov, Ludwik Finkl. They developed true friendship which lasted until the end of Finkl’s life (1930). It does not mean that there were no difficult moments in that relationship and that they agreed on every subject. They were able to distinguish between friendship and support. They highly valued their friendship, also in times when they argued or were supporting opposing sides of various issues. Their friendship was based on deep respect, all the more deeper because it assumed open and honest communication of different viewpoints in their arguments. This is the reason why Twardowski’s letters to Finkl are a valuable source of knowledge and their value is even higher if we consider the fact that in majority they come from the period when the philosopher ceased to continue his “Diary”. The article discusses the most important issues mentioned in their correspondence and they seem to be the ones indicated in the title of the article. The author is building a context for them, which allows to understand the views expressed by Twardowski, as well as certain actions taken by him.

9

'Na granicy Zachodu i Wschodu'. Monaster Poczajowski w polityce imperialnej Rosji wobec Galicji

80%

Osadczy W.

Krakowskie Pismo Kresowe

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2012

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vol. 4: Galicja jako pogranicze kultur

91-124

EN

Pochayiv Monastery in Volyn was one of the most famous Marian shrines. The origins of it as a place of worship date back to the thirteenth century. It achieved the greatest splendour and significance in the waning days of the Kingdom of Poland, when it was a Uniate monastery. The Uniate period marked the erection of the majestic church and monastery buildings. Also during that time, many high-profile, well-attended religious ceremonies would take place on a regular basis. After the failure of the November Uprising of 1830-31 and the takeover of the monastery by the Orthodox Church, the sanctuary was turned into a centre of Russification propaganda, aimed largely at the non-Polish population of Galicia. In addition to religious purposes, this activity was to serve the geopolitical intentions of Russia, as it planned to “unite” all the Russian lands under a single banner. The scope of such activity in this area highlights the importance of the instrumentalisation of religion in the empire of the Tsars. On the other hand, the “Pochayiv indulgences” made manifest the degree to which the Galician Uniate population was susceptible to Russian influences.

10

On the two Galicias: from Lesser Poland to the outskirts of Europe, from the Atlantic to the Vistula river

80%

Golemo K.

Sprawy Narodowościowe

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2015

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issue 46

EN

On the two Galicias: from Lesser Poland to the outskirts of Europe, from the Atlantic to the Vistula riverThe article is aiming to compare the two European Galicias: the Spanish one, being one of the autonomous communities of Spain and the historical-cultural region located in the East-Central part of Europe. Is there, apart from the coincidence of names which may serve as a good starting point for the play of words and anecdotes on ‘national characters’, something more which links these two distant geographic territories? From the socio-cultural perspective it is worth to have a look at the sphere of social ideas and myths which accompany discussions on the two Galicias. Is there in the complicated and quite elusive (in the sense of uncountable, changing and subjective) matter of local traditions, daily life patterns and customs, any link between the two European Galicias?In this short article, I will try to refer to certain stereotypes, cultural myths and anecdotes came to being in the sphere of social concepts. They were created, on one hand, by the media (in particular in the context of the unification of the richer Europe with its poorer part), on the other – by individual human experiences, in whose lives dual Galician adventures entwined. O dwóch Galicjach: z Małopolski na krańce Europy, znad Atlantyku nad WisłęCelem tekstu jest próba zestawienia ze sobą dwóch Galicji Europy: hiszpańskiej, funkcjonującej jako jedna ze wspólnot autonomicznych Królestwa Hiszpanii, oraz środkowoeuropejskiej, będącej historyczno-kulturowym regionem, niegdyś częścią imperium Habsburgów. Czy poza zbieżnością nazw, która może być dobrym punktem wyjścia do zabaw słownych i anegdot na temat „charakterów narodowych”, istnieje jeszcze coś, co łączy te dwa geograficznie odległe terytoria? Z perspektywy socjologiczno-kulturoznawczej warto się przyjrzeć sferze społecznych wyobrażeń i mitów towarzyszących dyskusjom o dwóch Galicjach. Czy w skomplikowanej i dość nieuchwytnej (w sensie niepoliczalnej, zmiennej, subiektywnej) materii lokalnych tradycji, modelów życia codziennego, obyczajów istnieje jakaś więź między dwoma Galicjami Europy? W tym krótkim tekście postaram się odwołać do pewnych stereotypów, mitów kulturowych i anegdot, które zaistniały w sferze społecznych wyobrażeń. Stworzyły je, z jednej strony, media (zwłaszcza w kontekście jednoczenia się bogatszej Europy z jej biedniejszą częścią), z drugiej zaś przeżycia jednostek, w których losy wplotły się doświadczenia „podwójnie galicyjskie”.

11

Powrót jezuitów do Galicji

80%

Kumor B.

Folia Historica Cracoviensia

|

1994

|

vol. 2

EN

The article discusses the subject of Jesuits' return to Galicia after 1820 against the backdrop of the social and political situation.

PL

Artykuł omawia kwestię powrotu jezuitów na teren Galicji po 1820 roku, na tle ówczesnej sytuacji społeczno-politycznej.

12

Niewykorzystane szanse hiszpańskiego regionu Galicja

80%

Pylak K.

Studia komitetu przestrzennego zagospodarowania kraju PAN

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2017

|

issue 179

155-173

13

Participation of youth from Lesser Poland and Cieszyn Silesia in the fight for the Cieszyn Region and in Silesian Uprisings in the years 1919–1921

80%

Wojtycza J.

Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka

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2022

|

vol. XLIX

|

issue 4

113-124

EN

The article describes the participation of youth from Lesser Poland and Cieszyn Silesia in the fight for the Cieszyn Region and in Silesian Uprisings in the years 1919–1921. Already in November 1918, Polish youth joined Polish military formations in Cieszyn Silesia, and then in January 1919 they took part in the fights with the Czechs for these lands. Later, together with young people from other regions of Lesser Poland, they took part in the fight for Lviv. Subsequent Silesian uprisings were supported by young inhabitants of the whole of Lesser Poland, both through participation in the propaganda campaign, as well as in bloody fights and guard duty at the border. A number of them died, and their heroic deeds are evidenced by the battle decorations awarded to them. Faithful to the idea of fighting for independence, they took part in taking over power in the Polish lands, and then joined the ranks of defenders of these lands in large numbers and contributed to shaping the borders of the Second Polish Republic.

14

Ewolucja polityki mieszkaniowej w Galicji na przełomie XIX i XX wieku (zarys problematyki)

80%

Broński K.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

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2011

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issue 870

71-88

EN

The author has attempted to outline the issue of housing and the evolution of housing policy in Galicia at the turn of 19th and 20th centuries. Such factors as considerable demographical development in this part of Polish lands in the second half of 19th century and the need to improve the living conditions of the indigent forced the state authorities and autonomous Galician authorities to address the matter. In the Habsburg Monarchy, of which Galicia was a crown land, the public authorities became aware of the housing problem only after the beginning of 20th century. Recognising the need to improve housing conditions, the Austrian government implemented housing reform in a few ways, e.g. they introduced tax allowances and proper legal regulations. Beyond legislative activity, both authorities also took the step of building houses with cheap apartments for their own officials (of different categories) and employees. Municipalities supported the cheap housing associations that had emerged – either by concessions while giving up their own properties, or by joining these organisations as a member. Despite increased activity on the part of state authorities in housing policy and considerable involvement in different public institutions, the housing issue in Galicia remained unsolved. However, the housing conditions changed for the better, especially in bigger cities.

15

Sprawozdanie Komendy Policji Państwowej na Małopolskę za styczeń 1920 r.

80%

ROGUSKI R.

Historia i Świat

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2020

|

issue 9

171-180

EN

The presented text concerns the source material describing the internal security of Galicia, here referred to as Małopolska. The document comes from the collection of the State Archives of Lviv Oblast in Ukraine – the collection of the Provincial Office in Lviv. This is a monthly report of the State Police Headquarters in Małopolska for January 1920.

16

W sprawie zakresu pojęciowego terminów „Wołyń” i „Małopolska Wschodnia” w związku z ustawą z dnia 26 stycznia 2018 r. o zmianie ustawy o Instytucie Pamięci Narodowej — Komisji Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu, ustawy o grobach i cmentarzach wojennych, ustawy o muzeach oraz ustawy o odpowiedzialności podmiotów zbiorowych za czyny zabronione pod groźbą kary

80%

Jastrzębski R.

Przegląd Sejmowy

|

2018

|

issue 3(146)

159–167

EN

The opinion refers to the conceptual range of the terms “Volhynia” and “Lesser Eastern Poland” in relation to the Act of 26 January 2018 amending the act on the Institute of National Remembrance — Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes Against the Polish Nation, the act on war graves and cemeteries, the act on museums and the act on the liability of collective entities for acts prohibited under a penalty. The author analyses the terms from the legal-historical perspective, paying particular attention to the history of the Polish lands in the nineteenth century and the period of the Second Republic of Poland (1918–1939). Based thereon, the author is of the opinion that the terms have had and still have an established meaning, despite the lack of a legal defi nition. They refer to the territories of the four voivodeships of the Second Republic: Lwow (Lviv), Stanisławow, Tarnopol and Wołyń (Volhynia) voivodeships. The author’s refl ections are based among others on the established views of the Polish science of administrative law from before the Second World War, the legislation of the Polish State, the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court in the years 1926–1938, as well as the jurisprudence of the voivodeship administrative courts in Opole (2005) and Poznan (2007).

17

Galicia’s Escape from the Malthusian Trap. A Long and Short-Term Analysis of the Demographic Response to Economic Conditions in the Population of Galicia 1819–1913

71%

Ogórek B.

Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych

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2015

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vol. 75

EN

Galicia’s escape from the Malthusian trap. A long and short-term analysis of demographic response to the economic conditions in the population of Galicia 1819–1913 (Summary)The purpose of the article is to analyze Malthusian mechanisms to be found in operation in the population of Galicia in the years 1819–1913. Relying on published sources which record both the condition and the natural movement of the Galician population, as well as price movements in key food staples on the Lwów and Kraków markets, the author has examined the relationship between the population’s economic conditions and demographic trends in the long and short-term. The analysis of the long-term relationships shows that it was not until the last decades of the nineteenth century that Galicia set itself free from Malthusian mechanisms. At that time, the demographic situation began to improve for the fi rst time. The improvement came despite some adverse economic phenomena such as falling wages and rising prices. The author points to a number of causes of this situation: the advancement in agricultural production, mass emigration and some institutional changes. The analysis of short-term relationships shows that the nineteenth-century Galicia – although it was lagging behind the countries of Western Europe in terms of GDP per capita, the percentage of those who were literate, or the industrialization processes – was affected by the operation of Malthusian mechanisms to only a slightly greater extent than the western part of the Old Continent. The comparison of the Galician population’s demographic response to an increase in the staple food prices with the way in which the population of the whole of Austria reacted to this increase justifies the conclusion that, with regard to this response, the inhabitants of Galicia were doing as well as the people inhabiting the whole of Cisleithania. This of course does not mean that living standards in Galicia were similar to those typifying Austria or Western Europe, but it does allow one to contest the opinion that the Galician population was considerably vulnerable/prone to economic crises. In defiance of the myth of “Galician misery”, one can say that there actually existed no positive (that is, those bound up with the death rate) constraints on the growth of the Galician population in the period of autonomy.

18

POGLĄDY EKONOMICZNE KAZIMIERZA CHŁĘDOWSKIEGO W ŚWIETLE JEGO STARAŃ O KATEDRĘ NA UNIWERSYTECIE JAGIELLOŃSKIM W POCZĄTKACH EPOKI AUTONOMICZNEJ

71%

Stinia M.

Rocznik Przemyski

|

2016

|

vol. 52

|

issue 1(19): Historia

23-34

EN

A renowned Galician memoirist and official, having graduated from the faculty of Law at the Jagiellonian University, Kazimierz Chłędowski attempted to start a career of a scholar. The atmosphere seemed to be favourable due to the increasing Polonization of the University, the introduction of the system of habilitation, and the need for new staff members. What also influenced Chłędowski’s decision was the scholarly work of Julian Dunajewski, whose lectures he attended. Inspired by Dunajewski’s personality and his views on economy, Chłędowski wrote his works, which became the basis of his habilitation procedure. At the same time he published a lot of essays on economy and history as well as on general subjects. He was critical towards the economic situation in Galicia, suggesting concrete solutions: development of local governments and national institutions, decentralization of trade, reducing interest rates on loans. Eventually he gave up the scholarly career, however, and devoted himself to literature and work for the Galician authorities.

19

DISCOVERING GALICIAN HISTORY: A PERSONAL JOURNEY

71%

Hartman J.

Rocznik Przemyski

|

2016

|

vol. 52

|

issue 1(19): Historia

215-226

EN

The author describes his collaboration with the Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Nauk (Society for the Friends of Learning) in Przemyśl and with different people and institutions in Przemyśl in the past twenty years. He explains the reasons for his visits to Poland from the USA, the problems he encountered trying to rescue Jewish heritage of the region but also the successes in this field – both ona local scale and in a broader context. He attempts to show Przemyśl and its inhabitants through the eyes of an observer from the outside and how this view has changed through time.

20

Spatial Differentiation of Educational Outcomes at Junior High and High School in the Region of Małopolska in a Historical Perspective

71%

Dorocki S.

Przedsiębiorczość - Edukacja

|

2017

|

vol. 13. Uwarunkowania rozwoju przedsiębiorczości

439-457

EN

The term “institution” refers to the collection of certain practices and principles that are part of everyday social life. This set of accepted norms and rules of behaviour in communities of different territorial units is usually associated with their history and institutions operating on their territory. Today it is believed that the relational and social capital primarily determine the potential economic development of a territorial unit. In the knowledge economy, particular attention is focused on qualified staff. Therefore, a robust and efficient educational system remains an essential element of economic development. Respect for science and knowledge in a given society, not only by its usefulness, is one of the conditions of its evolution. The region of Małopolska was deprived of universal primary education until the times of the Galician autonomy. The school allowed not only professional career but also ensured social advancement. Małopolska shows significant spatial variations at the level of education. Kraków has remained the strongest centre of education for centuries, with an extensive participation of Tarnów and Nowy Sącz. In spatial terms, better education was recorded in the north-west of the region and around Kraków. However, in recent years a noticeable growth of education in the peripheries has been observed. Examples include high schools located around Kraków, which is associated with sub-urbanisation and an increase in the quality of education in closed centres (e.g. Piekary), or local centres of education (e.g. Rabka-Zdrój). The largest increase in knowledge according to the Education Value Added occurs in schools located peripherally.

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