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PL
The starting point for the discussion is the obvious statement that cultural pedagogy is one of the three main currents in German education sciences; the other two are empirical and critical pedagogy. As the title suggests, the author focuses on cultural pedagogy only, and in particular on the reception of German cultural pedagogy by Polish cultural pedagogy during the interwar period. One can definitely say that German Geisteswissenschaften, or “the sciences of spirit” (including pedagogy) influenced Polish humanities. The main thesis of the article is that although the geisteswissenschaftliche Pädagogik had an overwhelming influence on pedagogical thinking and actions in Poland before World War II, it became considerably marginalised or almost totally forgotten after the war, as it was proclaimed a “bourgeois relic” and an “old fashioned trinket”. Theodor Litt (1880–1962) and Eduard Spranger (1882–1963) are commonly considered the leading representatives of German cultural pedagogy, and their Polish counterparts are Bogdan Nawroczyński (1882–1974) and Bogdan Suchodolski (1902–1993). The article refers to original source literature – although in brief – to discuss the influence of the educational concepts of the former group on the latter one. By proposing such analysis, the author hopes for fair and critical restructuring of cultural pedagogy in Poland, if not for its revitalisation. The first signs are already there.
EN
Followers of methodological antinaturalism in philosophy, who criticise the application of methods representing the natural sciences to other realms of knowledge, argue for the necessity to separate the humanities from the empirical instrumentarium of research. The exposed dualism of investigation process reveals differences between axiomatic and deductive explanation of arguments of formal sciences and with the understanding of the humanistic interpretation and with idealizing historical and comparative analysis in the area of sciences concerning the spirit. An important contribution into historic analyses of the Geisteswissenschaften sphere came from a disciple of the Marburg Neo-Kantianism and follower of Kantian apriorism, Ernst Cassirer, and an author of the antipositivistic turn and the historical philosophy of life, Wilhelm Dilthey. Both philosophers enter into the polemics with naturalistic ideas of the man and the culture; they enter into polemic with a positivistic vision of the reality determined exclusively by physical and biological factors. In their own considerations they stress the irreducibility of the historical world to the dimension of nature. They underline the qualitative exceptionality of man as a conscious and creative (in cultural terms) individual. Taking as the point of departure the question of history, I will show dependences, collected at the perspective of the empirical (not metaphysical) ideas of the culture created by the selfconsciousness producing cultural meanings.
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