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Niemcy 30 lat po zjednoczeniu – aspekt społeczno-demograficzny i gospodarczy

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Bartkowiak M., Ratajczak A.

Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej

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2020

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issue 14

359-372

EN

In line with the 30th anniversary of the German reunification this article reviews the social as well as economic effect of Germany’s reunification on Germany distinguishing between East Germany and West Germany to present times. Looking at the social effect we can see a decrease in the number of population for East Germany and an increase in the number of population for West Germany over time. In addition, the average age of the population in federal states in East Germany has increased above average of Germany’s population compared to the federal states in West Germany. Looking at the economic effect focusing on gross domestic product per capita, gross fixed capital formation, unemployment reate and gross wages and salaries we can see that East Germany has decreased its gap to West Germany over time, however, its economic convergence to West Germany remains an ongoing process.

PL

Autorzy w artykule omawiają społeczno-demograficzne i gospodarcze implikacje zjednoczenia Niemiec dla wschodniej i zachodniej części kraju, w 30. rocznicę zakończenia okresu dwupaństwowości. Analizując społeczno-demograficzne implikacje, autorzy wskazują na spadek liczby ludności w Niemczech wschodnich i jednoczesny wzrost liczby ludności w Niemczech zachodnich w badanym okresie. Autorzy zwracają również uwagę na postępujący proces starzenia się społeczeństwa, widoczny zwłaszcza w landach wschodnich, gdzie średni wiek ludności wynosi powyżej średniej wieku ludności w Niemczech. Poddając analizie wybrane wskaźniki makroekonomiczne dla określenia implikacji gospodarczych, tj. PKB na mieszkańca, nakłady brutto na środki trwałe, stopę bezrobocia i wynagrodzenie brutto, autorzy wskazują, iż Niemcy wschodnie zmniejszyły dystans w stosunku do Niemiec zachodnich, jednakże konwergencja poziomów rozwoju gospodarczego obu części Niemiec to nadal niedokończony proces.

2

Literackie interwencje przeciwko ksenofobii. Reprezentacje ruchu neonazistowskiego w najnowszej literaturze postenerdowskiej

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Gortych D.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2020

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issue 2 (375)

169-188

EN

The aim of the present study is to reconstruct the image of the neo-Nazi movement in East Germany in the years 1990-2015 on the basis of selected pieces of post-GDR literature. The analysis is based on two prose debuts from 2017 and 2018: Als ich mit Hitler Schnapskirschen aß by Manja Präkels (born 1974), and Mit der Faust in die Welt schlagen by Lukas Rietzschel (born 1994). This material is supplemented by current sociological and political studies on the situation of the new Lands, and contemporary racism and xenophobia. The analysis presented here draws from the cultural paradigm in literature studies. The main thesis relates to the influence of the GDR as an authoritarian state and the resulting negative patterns of socialization on the development and strengthening of antidemocratic attitudes. This assumption finds confirmation in the constructed worlds of the analyzed novels and in the biographies of their main characters. Civic deficiency and the lack of inter-generational communication, resulting from, among others, the fear of historical responsibility, lead to the collapse of the world order and existence of the generations maturing after the fall of the Berlin Wall. This proves the high relevance of German unification problems even today, i.e. thirty years after the breakthrough of 1989/1990. The author makes an attempt to trace and analyze the above mentioned processes in literary narrative forms.

3

Insufficient Data, Short Time Spans, Illusions and Multiple pressures: Designing the German Monetary Union in 1990

99%

Wolfgang Z.

Economics and Business Review

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2019

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vol. 5 (19)

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issue 1

53-78

EN

The German unification in 1990 generated many benefits, but also many disappointments. After the introduction of the monetary union between the GDR and West Germany on 1 July 1990, the East German industry collapsed, and mass unemployment became persistent. Ever since the modalities of the monetary union have been discussed controversially. This paper reconstructs the decision-making processes and negotiations towards monetary union. To a high extent, this reconstruction is based on original documents. Early on in Bonn a consensus was reached that monetary union had to be introduced soon, the rapid decline of the GDR making stepwise approaches impossible. Many officials were aware of the detrimental effects of a 1:1 conversion of the wages. But few dared to go against the widespread demands for 1:1 in the GDR population and government, not the least because of over-optimistic promises before the elections in the GDR in March 1990.

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Press coverage of the German reunification issue in a long-term perspective, 1990–2014

99%

Leidecker-Sandmann M., Maier J., Maier M.

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2019

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vol. 12

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issue 1(22)

2-24

EN

This paper analyses the long-term coverage (1990–2014) of German reunification by six German newspapers. Our quantitative content analysis shows how often the press covers the event, what the content of the coverage is, and how journalists evaluate the reunification process. As we have analysed newspapers of different locations, ranges, types, and editorial lines, we can see whether newspapers cover German reunification differently. Our analysis shows that the amount of coverage of reunification quickly decreases, and only a few articles are published prominently. The press reports on more differences between East and West Germany than similarities; about one third of the articles mentions problems and conflicts, although they become less important over time. All in all, positive evaluations of German reunification outweigh negative judgments and increase over time. We see evidence that the placement, content, and tone of coverage highly depends on the type, editorial line, range, and location of newspapers.

5

Ostalgie, Russlandfreundlichkeit und Rechtspopulismus. Aktuelle Debatten in Deutschland und ihre historischen Wurzeln

85%

Wolle S.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2022

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issue 3 (384)

239-244

EN

Materials from the conference “German Reunification - Successes and Challenges in the Light of Contemporary Debates”: Stefan Wolle, Ostalgie, Russia friendliness and right-wing populism. Contempoprary dabates in Germany and their sources

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Zieloni wobec ponownego zjednoczenia Niemiec

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Mikulska A.

Res Gestae. Czasopismo Historyczne

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2022

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vol. 14

117-133

PL

The period of German reunification was a very turbulent time for the Green Party. Plagued by internal conflicts and wrong decisions made during the campaign, it seemed to have come to a standstill, letting its competitors overtake it. Why did the Greens fail to take advantage of the period of German reunification, and why did the party’s East German roots have such a huge impact on its subsequent actions in the political arena? The internal war over the ideology that should guide the party in the future and the clarification of the concepts that defined the Green Party’s identity coincided with the most difficult election campaign since the party was founded. The following article touches on intra-party conflicts, the evolution of the Greens’ demands, the ifluence of key figures in shaping party strategy during the period of German reunification and relations between party branches on both sides of the Berlin Wall. It also discusses the situation of the Green Party in East Germany and West Germany before and just after reunification (i.e. after the first Bundestag elections after reunification).

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2 Przegląd Zachodni

1 Central European Journal of Communication

1 Economics and Business Review

1 Res Gestae. Czasopismo Historyczne

1 Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej

2 2022

2 2020

2 2019

1 Bartkowiak M.

1 Gortych D.

1 Leidecker-Sandmann M.

1 Maier J.

1 Maier M.

1 Mikulska A.

1 Ratajczak A.